{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:59:29Z","timestamp":1791489569690,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000118","name":"Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NR016235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NR016235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000118","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD048629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD048629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation","award":["12-FY13-271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12-FY13-271"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine the reliability and validity of a new observational measure of parental scaffolding, as well as the impact of parental scaffolding on academic and social outcomes among youth with spina bifida (SB).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As part of a larger study, 137 families of youth with SB participated in family interaction tasks and self-report questionnaires at the baseline assessment. Teachers also reported on youth\u2019s academic independence and competence, as well as social skills. Guided by previous research and theoretical formulations, a rational approach to measure development was employed whereby maternal and paternal scaffolding composites were created using the Family Interaction Macro-coding System (Holmbeck, Zebracki, Johnson, Belvedere, &amp; Hommeyer (2007). Parent-child interaction macro-coding manual. Unpublished coding system. Chicago: Loyola University Chicago).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The scaffolding measure demonstrated acceptable interrater and scale reliabilities. Additionally, both the maternal and paternal scaffolding composites were significantly associated with scores from self-report questionnaires of parenting behaviors in the expected directions. Maternal scaffolding was positively associated with IQ, academic competence, academic independence, and social self-control in youth with SB, whereas paternal scaffolding was positively associated with social cooperation and social self-control. Differences in scaffolding emerged between mothers and fathers, as well as across demographic variables.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Initial findings support the use of the scaffolding measure. Future research should continue to examine the utility of this scaffolding measure in families of youth with SB.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsaa042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T19:18:14Z","timestamp":1590088694000},"page":"695-706","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Development of an Observational Parental Scaffolding Measure for Youth with Spina Bifida"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Adrien M","family":"Winning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6759-8380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen","family":"Stiles-Shields","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Population Behavioral Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5797-9024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen F Bechtel","family":"Driscoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana M","family":"Ohanian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Autumn N","family":"Crowe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grayson N","family":"Holmbeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020062204034989500_jsaa042-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.1999.00249.x","article-title":"Parental scaffolding of the discourse of children and adolescents with intellectual disability: The case of, referential expressions","volume":"43","author":"Abbeduto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"},{"key":"2020062204034989500_jsaa042-B2","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles","author":"Achenbach","year":"2001"},{"key":"2020062204034989500_jsaa042-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsm083","article-title":"Evidence-based assessment in pediatric psychology: Family measures","volume":"33","author":"Alderfer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"},{"key":"2020062204034989500_jsaa042-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2014.02.003","article-title":"A pilot randomized trial of an online parenting skills program for pediatric traumatic brain injury: Improvements in parenting and child behavior","volume":"45","author":"Antonini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"2020062204034989500_jsaa042-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2007)112[0375:POSSIY]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Prediction of social skills in 6-year-old children with and without developmental delays: Contributions of early regulation and maternal scaffolding","volume":"112","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal on Mental Retardation"},{"key":"2020062204034989500_jsaa042-B6","first-page":"349","volume-title":"The Jossey-Bass social and behavioral science series. 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