{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T23:30:54Z","timestamp":1785713454190,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH068286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH068286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SC2 HD086868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SC2 HD086868"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This longitudinal study examined whether preschool attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and neuropsychological functioning predicted trajectories of children\u2019s social functioning from age 3 to 4 through 12\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Three- and four-year-old children (N\u2009=\u2009208; 72.6% boys) were evaluated annually through age 12. Parent and teacher Attention Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale, Fourth Edition responses during the initial evaluation were used to categorize preschoolers as \u201cHigh\u201d or \u201cLow\u201d risk for ADHD. Children\u2019s neuropsychological functioning was assessed using the NEPSY. Teachers\u2019 reports of children\u2019s social functioning were obtained annually from preschool through age 12\u2009years using the Adaptability, Functional Communication, and Social Skills subscales of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to assess the trajectories of social functioning and determine whether preschoolers\u2019 neuropsychological functioning and ADHD risk status predicted social functioning at age 12\u2009years, and\/or change in social functioning throughout childhood. All models controlled for baseline socioeconomic status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>High Risk children had significantly lower teacher-rated Adaptability and Social Skills at age 12\u2009years. High Risk children and those with lower Verbal neuropsychological functioning in preschool had lower teacher-rated Functional Communication at 12 years old. Lower preschool Verbal neuropsychological functioning predicted greater positive change in teacher-rated Functional Communication across childhood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early identification of and intervention for children exhibiting ADHD behaviors is critical given the enduring negative impact of these behaviors on social functioning. Screening preschoolers for verbal difficulties is encouraged given their long-term impact on children\u2019s ability to clearly express thoughts and feelings and obtain and provide information.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsaa053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T11:32:51Z","timestamp":1591961571000},"page":"793-802","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Do Preschoolers\u2019 Neuropsychological Functioning and Hyperactivity\/Inattention Predict Social Functioning Trajectories Through Childhood?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Jenna","family":"Karlsberg Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Psychology, The Graduate Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Psychology, The Graduate Center"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, The City College of New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khushmand","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Sciences, Human Services and Criminal Justice, Borough of Manhattan Community College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M","family":"Halperin,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Psychology, The Graduate Center"},{"name":"Psychology Department, Queens College, City University of New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020072419270261300_jsaa053-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200111000-00008","article-title":"Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and problems in peer relations: Predictions from childhood to adolescence","volume":"40","author":"Bagwell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020072419270261300_jsaa053-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00304.x.","article-title":"The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria\u2014III. 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