{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:10:54Z","timestamp":1777889454984,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council"},{"name":"Alberta Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Graduate Studentship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003206","name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Empathy for pain allows one to recognize, understand, and respond to another person\u2019s pain in a prosocial manner. Young children develop empathy for pain later than empathy for other negative emotions (e.g., sadness), which may be due to social learning. How parents reminisce with children about past painful events has been linked to children\u2019s pain cognitions (e.g., memory) and broader socioemotional development. The present study examined how parent\u2013child reminiscing about pain may be linked to children\u2019s empathic behaviors toward another person\u2019s pain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One hundred and fourteen 4-year-old children (55% girls) and for each, one parent (51% fathers) completed a structured narrative elicitation task wherein they reminisced about a past painful autobiographical event for the child. Children were then observed responding in a lab-based empathy task wherein they witnessed a confederate pretending to hurt themselves. Children\u2019s empathic behaviors and parent\u2013child narratives about past painful events were coded using established coding schemes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Findings revealed that parents who used more neutral emotion language (e.g., How did you feel?) when discussing past painful events had children who exhibited more empathic concern in response to another\u2019s pain. Similarly, children who used more explanations when reminiscing about past painful events displayed more empathic concern about another\u2019s pain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Findings highlight a key role of parent\u2013child reminiscing about the past pain in the behavioral expression of empathy for pain in young children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsaa107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T19:12:13Z","timestamp":1603307533000},"page":"314-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Socialization of Young Children\u2019s Empathy for Pain: The Role of Mother\u2013 and Father\u2013Child Reminiscing"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5341-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Pavlova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan A","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Owerko Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2784-9066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madison","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cara","family":"Nania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Noel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Owerko Centre"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2021031914335497200_jsaa107-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.01.024","article-title":"The behavioural expression of empathy 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