{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:02:20Z","timestamp":1787313740557,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined the impact of a humanoid robot (MEDi\u00ae) programmed to teach deep breathing as a coping strategy, on children\u2019s pain and fear as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively, during intravenous (IV) line placement. The completion of IV induction was also examined as an exploratory outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this randomized controlled, two-armed trial, 137 children (4\u201312\u2009years) were recruited in Short Stay Surgery at a tertiary pediatric hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to standard care (SC) with Ametop\u00a9 only (N\u2009=\u200960) or SC and robot-facilitated intervention (N\u2009=\u200959) before induction. Pain and fear before, during, and after IV insertion were rated by patients and observers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant differences were found between groups and there were no changes over time for pain or fear (ps &amp;gt; .05). Exploratory analyses show that patients in the MEDi\u00ae group were 5.04 times more likely to complete IV induction, compared to SC, Fisher\u2019s exact test: X2 (1) = 4.85, p = .04, \u03c6c = 0.22, odds ratio = 5.04, 95% CI [1.06, 24.00].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was the first to examine children\u2019s IV induction experience when provided MEDi\u00ae support. Reasons for nonsignificance, limitations, and research suggestions were made.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsab028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T15:11:08Z","timestamp":1614697868000},"page":"991-1000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Children\u2019s Pain During IV Induction: A Randomized-Controlled Trial With the MEDi\u00ae Robot"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6122-1868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachelle C W","family":"Lee-Krueger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline R","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Life, Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital, Alberta Health 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