{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:48:58Z","timestamp":1788266938757,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CIHR Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes (INMD"},{"name":"Prevent or Treat\u201d priority funding awards","award":["OOP-110788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OOP-110788"]}]},{"name":"CIHR Institute of Population and Public Health","award":["MOP-114875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-114875"]}]},{"name":"CIHR project","award":["PJT-148562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-148562"]}]},{"name":"CIHR bridge","award":["PJT-149092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-149092"]}]},{"name":"CIHR bridge","award":["PJT-159693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-159693"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000008","name":"Health Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#1617-HQ-000012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1617-HQ-000012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"COMPASS-Quebec project additionally benefits from funding from the Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et des Services sociaux of the province of Quebec"},{"name":"Direction r\u00e9gionale de sant\u00e9 publique du CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary objective of our study was to assess measurement invariance (by grade and sex) of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Revised (CESD-R-10) scales in a sample of adolescents in Canada. If measurement invariance was demonstrated, our secondary objective was to estimate differences in scale scores across these subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from 59,052 adolescents in Year 7 (2018\u201319) of the COMPASS school-based study. Measurement invariance was tested within a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis framework. Differences in scale scores were estimated using mixed linear regression which accounted for school-level clustering and adjusted for relevant confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both the GAD-7 and CESD-R-10 demonstrated strict measurement invariance by sex and grade in our sample. Mean scale scores were higher among adolescents in grade 12 compared to grade 9 (\u03b2GAD-7 = 0.91, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001; \u03b2CESD-R-10 = 0.99, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) and among female adolescents compared to males (\u03b2GAD-7 = 3.36, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001; \u03b2CESD-R-10 = 2.58, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings support the validity of the GAD-7 and CESD-R-10 for screening risk of generalized anxiety and depression among Canadian adolescents, and further indicate that differences observed in scale scores across subgroups reflect actual differences in risk for generalized anxiety and major depression, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  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