{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:26:01Z","timestamp":1787009161309,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Insight Development","award":["430-2017-00089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["430-2017-00089"]}]},{"name":"Alberta Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research Graduate Studentship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003206","name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain in childhood is prevalent and is associated with fear, particularly in the context of injuries or procedural pain, and negative emotions (e.g., sadness). Pain and fear share a bidirectional relationship, wherein fear exacerbates the experience of pain and pain increases subsequent anticipatory fear. The existing research has focused primarily on children\u2019s immediate experience of pain and fear. Research on how children remember or talk about past painful, fearful, or sad events is lacking. Parent\u2013child reminiscing about past pain has been demonstrated to differ from reminiscing about other past negative emotional events (i.e., those involving sadness, but not fear). The present study aimed to examine differences in how parent\u2013child dyads reminisce about past pain, fear, and sadness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and three 4-year-old children (55% girls) and their parents (52% fathers) engaged in a narrative elicitation task in which they reminisced about unique past events involving pain, fear, and sadness. Parent\u2013child narratives were coded using established coding schemes based on the developmental psychology literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parent\u2013child narratives about pain were characterized by fewer emotion-laden words and explanations, as well as more pain-related words compared to sadness or fearful narratives. Mothers and fathers reminisced with sons and daughters in a similar way across all types of events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parent\u2013children reminiscing about past painful events differs from reminiscing about other types of distressing events (e.g., involving sadness or fear). This highlights a possibility of differential socialization of pain versus fear. Potential clinical implications of the findings are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsac012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T15:11:21Z","timestamp":1644246681000},"page":"840-849","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Mother\u2013 and Father\u2013Child Reminiscing About Past Events Involving Pain, Fear, and Sadness: Observational Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5341-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Pavlova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra","family":"Mueri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Peterson, PhD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A","family":"Graham, PhD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary and Owerko Centre , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Noel, PhD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Owerko Centre, Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939508409006","article-title":"Theory of mind development and social understanding","volume":"9","author":"Astington","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B2","volume-title":"CCC-2: Children's Communication Checklist-2, Manual","author":"Bishop","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00200","article-title":"Children's memories for painful cancer treatment procedures: Implications for distress","volume":"71","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B4","volume-title":"Statistical power analyses for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1037\/12059-004","volume-title":"Child development at the intersection of emotion and cognition","author":"Cole","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B7","volume-title":"Autobiographical memory: Theoretical and applied perspectives","author":"Fivush","year":"1998"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/741938209","article-title":"Functions of parent-child reminiscing about emotionally negative events","volume":"11","author":"Fivush","year":"2003","journal-title":"Memory (Hove, England)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(99)00034-3","article-title":"The development of normal fear","volume":"20","author":"Gullone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.33.2.295","article-title":"Developing narrative structure in parent-child reminiscing across the preschool years","volume":"33","author":"Haden","year":"1997","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.399","article-title":"Children's self-reports of fear and pain levels during needle procedures","volume":"7","author":"Hed\u00e9n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nursing Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.01.005","article-title":"Development and preliminary testing of a scale to assess pain-related fear in children and adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Huguet","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/15248370903041231","article-title":"Functions of memory sharing and mother-child reminiscing behaviors","volume":"10","author":"Kulkofsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition and Development"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(11)80002-8","article-title":"Psychologic perspectives on pediatric pain","volume":"122","author":"McGrath","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.02.021","article-title":"When \u201cdon't worry\u201d communicates fear: Children's perceptions of parental reassurance and distraction during a painful medical procedure","volume":"150","author":"McMurtry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B2470051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.111.2.486","article-title":"The emergence of autobiographical memory: a social cultural developmental theory","volume":"111","author":"Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.02.020","article-title":"The influence of children's pain memories on subsequent pain experience","volume":"153","author":"Noel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.0000000000000001","article-title":"Remembering the pain of childhood: Applying a developmental perspective to the study of pain memories","volume":"156","author":"Noel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001565","article-title":"The role of narrative in the development of children's pain memories: Influences of father- and mother-child reminiscing on children's recall of pain","volume":"160","author":"Noel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2019.1707830","article-title":"Am I being watched? The role of researcher presence on toddlers' behaviour during \u2018everyday\u2019 pain experiences: A pilot study","volume":"35","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychology & Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(83)90087-6","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Revised Fear Surgery Schedule for Children (FSSC-R)","volume":"21","author":"Ollendick","year":"1983","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsz009","article-title":"Socialization of pain memories","volume":"44","author":"Pavlova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsaa107","article-title":"Socialization of children\u2019s empathy for pain: Role of mother- and father-child reminiscing","volume":"46","author":"Pavlova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"},{"key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.08.002","article-title":"Reframe the pain: An RCT of a parent-led memory-reframing intervention","author":"Pavlova","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199910)55:10<1243::AID-JCLP6>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Forming a story: The health benefits of narrative","volume":"55","author":"Pennebaker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00119-2","article-title":"Negative affect: Effects on an evaluative measure of human pain","volume":"104","author":"Rhudy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327647JCD0402_03","article-title":"Parental reminiscing about positive and negative events","volume":"4","author":"Sales","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition and Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.3186","article-title":"Talking (or not talking) about the past: The influence of parent-child conversation about negative experiences on children's memories","volume":"29","author":"Salmon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Applied Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721416655100","article-title":"The benefits of reminiscing with young children","volume":"25","author":"Salmon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022072008000471600_jsac012-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.05.001","article-title":"Mother-child reminiscing about everyday experiences: Implications for psychological interventions in the preschool years","volume":"26","author":"Wareham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pediatric Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpepsy\/article-pdf\/47\/7\/840\/45026696\/jsac012.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpepsy\/article-pdf\/47\/7\/840\/45026696\/jsac012.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T04:01:31Z","timestamp":1658289691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpepsy\/article\/47\/7\/840\/6533425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsac012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-8693","1465-735X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-8693","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-735X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]}}}