{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T21:26:26Z","timestamp":1769981186402,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIDCD R03DC014760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIDCD R03DC014760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIDCD 1F31DC014917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIDCD 1F31DC014917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a cochlear implant (CI)-specific parenting stress measure using the FDA Guidance on Patient-Reported Outcomes (2009).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development and psychometric validation of the Parenting Stress-CI module for both the Early Childhood (EC; 0\u20135\u2009years) and School-Age (SA; 6\u201312\u2009years) versions are reported in this article. Instrument development consisted of qualitative interviews with parents of children with CIs (EC: N\u2009=\u200919; SA: N\u2009=\u200921), content analysis, item development, and cognitive testing of the instrument. Last, we conducted the psychometric validation (EC: N\u2009=\u200972; SA: N\u2009=\u200964), including analyses of internal consistency, test\u2013retest reliability (\u223c2\u2009weeks between administrations; N\u2009=\u200924), and convergent validity with the Parenting Stress Index-4 (PSI-4).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The final EC version includes 15 questions, and the SA version includes 8 questions. Both the EC and SA versions had strong reliability (EC \u03b1 = .88; SA \u03b1 = .85), with all items significantly correlated with the overall module (r = .43\u2013.80). Both versions also had strong test\u2013retest reliability (r = .99, p &amp;lt; .001). Last, analyses of convergent validity demonstrated significant correlations with the PSI-4 Total Stress scale for both Parenting Stress-CI versions (EC r = .66, p &amp;lt; .00; SA r = .45, p &amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Parenting Stress-CI modules are reliable and valid condition-specific parenting stress instruments for parents of children with CIs ages 0\u201312\u2009years, filling a significant gap in the literature. These fully validated instruments can be used to assess parental needs for support and guide the development of targeted, family centered interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsac018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T20:11:43Z","timestamp":1646251903000},"page":"785-794","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Development and Validation of a Parenting Stress Module for Parents of Children Using Cochlear Implants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Ivette","family":"Cejas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami , Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Coto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami , Miami, FL, 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