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This study also examined whether these associations differed based on level of family social risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were 143 children born &amp;lt;30 weeks\u2019 gestation and their parents. Within 4\u2009weeks of birth, mothers\u2019 and fathers\u2019 depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Anxiety Subscale. Parents\u2019 sensitive and structuring parenting behaviors were assessed at 1 year using the Emotional Availability Scales. Child general cognitive ability was assessed at 4.5\u20135 years using the Wechsler Preschool &amp; Primary Scale of Intelligence\u2013Fourth Edition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher maternal depressive symptoms were associated with lower levels of sensitive and structuring parenting behavior, while higher maternal anxiety symptoms were associated with higher levels of structuring parenting behavior. There was weak evidence for positive associations between mothers\u2019 sensitive parenting behavior and fathers\u2019 structuring parenting behavior and child general cognitive ability. There was also weak evidence for stronger associations between mothers\u2019 mental health symptoms, parenting behaviors, and child general cognitive ability, in families of higher compared with lower social risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depressive and anxiety symptoms experienced by mothers in the initial weeks following VP birth can have long-term effects on their parenting behaviors. Enquiring about parents\u2019 mental health during their child\u2019s hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit is crucial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsac094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T11:14:49Z","timestamp":1674126889000},"page":"293-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Parental Mental Health and Parenting Behaviors Following Very Preterm Birth: Associations in Mothers and Fathers and Implications for Child Cognitive Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Grace E","family":"McMahon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Australia"},{"name":"Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute , 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