{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:59:44Z","timestamp":1792216784905,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To provide the first caregiver-report national norms for the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBDRS) and an updated evaluation of its factor structure and measurement invariance across child sex, informant sex, and child age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Caregivers of children aged 5\u201312 years (N\u2009=\u2009962) based in the United States completed the four DBDRS subscales. Using both severity scoring and dichotomous scoring procedures, confirmatory factor analyses supported a four-factor model of inattentive and hyperactive\/impulsive symptoms, oppositional defiant symptoms, and conduct disorder symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Measurement invariance was supported, indicating that the DBDRS functions similarly across demographic characteristics. Boys were reported to have more severe symptoms than girls (Cohen\u2019s d\u2009=\u20090.33 [inattention], 0.30 [hyperactivity\/impulsivity], 0.18 [oppositional defiant disorder], 0.14 [conduct disorder]), female caregivers rated ADHD symptoms as more severe than male caregivers (ds\u2009=\u20090.15 and 0.19 for inattention and hyperactivity\/impulsivity, respectively), and older children were reported to experience more inattention than younger children (d\u2009=\u20090.18). Overall, group differences were modest in magnitude.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This psychometric study supports the continued use of the DBDRS in school-aged youth and will enhance the measure\u2019s clinical and research utility by providing the first caregiver-report norms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsad006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T19:28:16Z","timestamp":1678217296000},"page":"468-478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale: Updated Factor Structure, Measurement Invariance, and National Caregiver Norms"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3735-6118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Whitney D","family":"Fosco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn State Milton S. 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