{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T08:26:23Z","timestamp":1791534383112,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NICHD R01HD074579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NICHD R01HD074579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Vaughn Vennerberg II Endowment"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Differences\/disorders of sex development (DSDs) are rare, congenital conditions involving discordance between chromosomes, gonads, and phenotypic sex and are often diagnosed in infancy. A key subset of parents of children newly diagnosed with a DSD experience clinically elevated distress. The present study examines the relationship between perinatal factors (i.e., gestational age, delivery method) and trajectories of parental adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parent participants (mothers\u2009=\u200937; fathers\u2009=\u200927) completed measures at baseline, 6- and 12-month follow-up. Multilevel linear regression controlled for clustering of the data at three levels (i.e., time point, parent, and family) and examined the relationship between perinatal factors and trajectories of depressive and anxious symptoms. Two-way interactions between perinatal factors and parent type were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall depressive and anxious symptoms decreased over time. There were significant interactions between gestational age and parent type for depressive and anxious symptoms, with younger gestational age having a stronger negative effect on mothers vs. fathers. There was a significant interaction between time and gestational age for depressive symptoms, with 36\u2009weeks\u2019 gestational age demonstrating a higher overall trajectory of depressive symptoms across time compared to 38 and 40\u2009weeks. Findings for the delivery method were not significant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Findings uniquely demonstrated younger gestational age was associated with increased depressive symptoms, particularly for mothers compared to fathers. Thus, a more premature birth may predispose parents of infants with DSD to distress. Psychosocial providers should contextualize early diagnosis-related discussions within stressful birth experiences when providing support.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsad042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T02:40:07Z","timestamp":1690512007000},"page":"759-767","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Adverse Birth Experiences and Parent Adjustment Associated With Atypical Genital Appearance Due to Differences of Sex Development"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Katherine A","family":"Traino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7128-9871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel S","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7944-2087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan L","family":"Basile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7314-5364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor M","family":"Dattilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence S","family":"Baskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco Medical Center , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy L","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yee-Ming","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, and Harvard Medical School, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Earl Y","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas E","family":"Coplen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urologic Surgery, St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas F","family":"Kolon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yegappan","family":"Lakshmanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Michigan , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake W","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Urology, Cook Children\u2019s Medical Center , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry L","family":"Mullins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0340-580X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia M","family":"Ciciolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy B","family":"Wisniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2023092217392416800_jsad042-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2019.04.007","article-title":"Why pediatricians need to know the disorders of sex development: experience of 709 cases in a specialized service","volume":"96","author":"Beck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jornal de Pediatria"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023092217392416800_jsad042-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2019.1703130","article-title":"Disorders or differences of sex development? 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