{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T08:50:39Z","timestamp":1789203039110,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DK0636687"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK0636687"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03DK110459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03DK110459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To improve the clinical utility of the Maintain High Blood Glucose subscale of the Hypoglycemia Fear Surveys (HFS) by identifying clinically meaningful cut points associated with glycemic outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Youth (N\u2009=\u2009994; 13.96\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u2009years) with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers (N\u2009=\u20091,111; 72% female) completed the Child or Parent version of the HFS. Modal Score Distribution, Standard Deviation Criterion, and Elevated Item Criterion approaches were used to identify proposed preliminary cut points for the Maintain High Blood Glucose subscale. The association between proposed preliminary cut points was examined with youth glycemic outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cut point of \u22657 for the Maintain High Blood Glucose subscale on the Child HFS was associated with a greater percentage of blood glucose readings &amp;gt;180\u2009mg\/dl (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), higher mean blood glucose (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), and a higher hemoglobin A1c (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05). In subsequent multiple regression analyses, controlling for other factors associated with glycemia, the significant association between scores above \u22657 and higher mean blood glucose and higher hemoglobin A1c remained. A clinically useful cut point was not identified for caregivers. However, elevated youth scores on the Maintain High Blood Glucose subscale were positively associated with elevated caregiver scores (phi\u2009=\u2009.171, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The proposed preliminary cut point for the Maintain High Blood Glucose subscale will aid the type 1 diabetes care team in identifying youth whose behaviors may be contributing to their suboptimal glycemia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsae021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T17:36:47Z","timestamp":1712597807000},"page":"421-428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Maintain High Blood Glucose subscale of the child hypoglycemia fear survey: proposed preliminary cut points for screening youth with type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7774-7220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly K","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne Bennett","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine , Tallahassee, FL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3006-4633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly A","family":"Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO, United States"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"},{"name":"University of Florida Diabetes Institute , Gainesville, FL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2024061321012638100_jsae021-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2020.08.098","article-title":"When low blood sugars cause high anxiety: fear of hypoglycemia among parents of youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"45","author":"Abitbol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes"},{"key":"2024061321012638100_jsae021-B2","first-page":"429","volume-title":"The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment","author":"Achenbach","year":"1999"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024061321012638100_jsae021-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1159\/000375306","article-title":"Predictive risk factors for fear of hypoglycemia and anxiety-related emotional disorders among adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Al Hayek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medical Principles and Practice"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"2024061321012638100_jsae021-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.1998.11.S1.189","article-title":"Maternal fear of hypoglycemia in their children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Clarke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024061321012638100_jsae021-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1778","article-title":"Improvements in parental sleep, fear of hypoglycemia, and diabetes distress with use of an advanced hybrid closed-loop system","volume":"45","author":"Cobry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024061321012638100_jsae021-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.10.5.617","article-title":"Fear of hypoglycemia: Quantification, validation, and utilization","volume":"10","author":"Cox","year":"1987","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"2024061321012638100_jsae021-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S006","article-title":"6. 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