{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:27:08Z","timestamp":1786962428951,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["R21HD089526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD089526"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Differences of sex development (DSD) can affect the physical health, appearance, and psychosocial functioning of affected individuals, but little is known about how subjective appearance perceptions (body image) impact psychosocial outcomes. This study evaluated body image and its associations with psychosocial outcomes including quality of life, resilience, and psychosocial adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This cross-sectional, multi-method study assessed body image and psychosocial outcomes including quality of life, adjustment, and resilience in 97 youth and young adults with DSD (mean age\u2009=\u200917\u2009\u00b1\u20093.7\u2009years; 56% assigned female in infancy) using psychometrically sound instruments. A subsample (n\u2009=\u200940) completed qualitative interviews.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Quantitative results indicated that overall, participants were satisfied with their physical appearance, although less so with their primary sex characteristics. Body image dissatisfaction was associated with poorer psychosocial adjustment, quality of life, and resilience. Qualitatively, youth and young adults reported a variety of perceptions, both positive and negative, related to their body image and the impact of living with a DSD condition. Themes identified included appearance management; effects of DSD on body image; diagnostic factors and features; attitudes about diagnosis; and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Body image is significantly associated with psychosocial outcomes in youth and young adults with DSD, with qualitative findings highlighting both positive and negative body image experiences. Results have implications for clinical care including screening for appearance concerns, normalization of appearance variations, and intervention development to better support healthy body image and psychosocial functioning in youth and young adults with DSD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsae041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T03:37:47Z","timestamp":1718249867000},"page":"512-523","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Body image and psychosocial outcomes in youth and young adults with differences of sex development: a multi-method study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0040-6396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Canice E","family":"Crerand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital , Columbus, OH,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus, OH,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus, OH,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayah","family":"Shehata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital , Columbus, OH,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailey","family":"Umbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital , Columbus, OH,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hillary M","family":"Kapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital , Columbus, OH,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hansen-Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus, OH,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3899-2642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leena","family":"Nahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital , Columbus, OH,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus, OH,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Children\u2019s Hospital of Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7302-9248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Potocsnak Family Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Ann & Robert H. 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