{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T04:55:01Z","timestamp":1789275301417,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD082554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD082554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12TR005104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12TR005104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine the relationships between gender minority stressors and mental health outcomes among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth and explore the moderating role of positive affect.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Baseline data of 315 TGD youth (ages 12\u201320\u2009years old) from the Trans Youth Care\u2014United States study comprised the analytic sample. Youth completed three subscales of the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure for Adolescents (GMSR-A; nondisclosure of gender identity\/gender history, negative future expectations, and internalized transphobia), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Revised Children\u2019s Manifest Anxiety Scale, Second Edition (RCMAS-2), Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screen Test (ASSIST), and the NIH Toolbox Positive Affect survey. Regression analyses using the Hayes PROCESS macro assessed moderation effects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gender minority stressors were associated with more symptoms of depression (r\u2009=\u20090.29 to 0.42) and anxiety (r\u2009=\u20090.32 to 0.42) and were not significantly associated with substance use (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.01 to 0.10). Positive affect was negatively associated with gender minority stressors (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.19 to \u22120.24) and mental health\/substance use outcomes (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.16 to \u22120.63). Positive affect significantly buffered the association between nondisclosure of gender identity and depressive symptoms (\u0394R2 = 0.02) and protected against the impact of internalized transphobia on anxiety symptoms (\u0394R2 = 0.01).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Positive affect is a promising modifiable protective factor that buffers the negative impact of gender minority stress on the mental well-being of TGD youth. Adapting existing positive emotion interventions for TGD youth is an indicated future direction for research and clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsaf018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T15:04:10Z","timestamp":1742310250000},"page":"412-419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Minority stress, mental health, and substance use in transgender youth: the moderating role of positive affect"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Parchem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann & Robert H. 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