{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T22:26:44Z","timestamp":1779229604547,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions show higher rates of depression, but symptoms such as fatigue, sleep problems, and appetite changes are common to both depression and chronic illness. Measurement invariance is important to establish in depression screening tools across chronic health groups to determine whether they accurately assess depressive symptoms and not chronic health symptoms. This study examined whether the depression subscale of the Revised Children\u2019s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) functioned equivalently across those with and without a chronic condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A nationally representative sample of 11\u201319-year-olds in Northern Ireland (N\u2009=\u20091,299) completed the scale. Demographic information, such as age, sex, and urbanicity, and health diagnoses, were also collected. The present study included physical health conditions recognized as being chronic or long-term in nature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original one-factor model of depression (\u03c72(35) = 370.03, p &amp;lt; .001; comparative fit index = .971; Tucker\u2013Lewis index = .963; root mean square error of approximation = .090, 90% confidence interval, .082\u2013.098; standardized root mean square residual = .035) and strong measurement invariance was established using Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Those with a chronic condition scored moderately higher on depression (Cohen\u2019s d = .41).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that the RCADS is a valid and reliable tool to screen for depression across health groups, supporting valid comparisons between them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsag023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T18:21:52Z","timestamp":1773771712000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Measuring symptoms of depression in children and adolescents with and without a chronic condition"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0513-2999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilia","family":"Marcev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Maynooth University , Kildare,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"McHugh Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Maynooth University , Kildare,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Hyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Maynooth University , Kildare,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031714214722900_jsag023-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2019.06.003","article-title":"Asthma prevalence and risk factors in school children: The RESPIR longitudinal study","volume":"48","author":"Alfonso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergologia et Immunopathologia"},{"key":"2026031714214722900_jsag023-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026031714214722900_jsag023-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2019.08.006","article-title":"Physical activity, exercise, and chronic diseases: A brief review","volume":"1","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Medicine and Health Science"},{"key":"2026031714214722900_jsag023-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.14.0170","article-title":"Global burden of asthma among children","volume":"18","author":"Asher","year":"2014","journal-title":"The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"key":"2026031714214722900_jsag023-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.1712","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of anxiety and depression among children, adolescents, and young adults with life-limiting conditions","volume":"173","author":"Barker","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026031714214722900_jsag023-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-018-9702-6","article-title":"The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scales (RCADS): Psychometric evaluation in children evaluated for ADHD","volume":"41","author":"Becker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"key":"2026031714214722900_jsag023-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50738","DOI":"10.2196\/50738","article-title":"Identification of predictors of mood disorder misdiagnosis and subsequent help-seeking behavior in individuals with depressive symptoms: Gradient-boosted tree machine learning approach","volume":"11","author":"Benacek","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Mental Health"},{"key":"2026031714214722900_jsag023-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00543","article-title":"Child and adolescent depression: A review of theories, evaluation instruments, prevention programs, and treatments","volume":"10","author":"Bernaras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2026031714214722900_jsag023-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0001124","article-title":"Is the PHQ-9 a unidimensional measure of depression? 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