{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T07:35:43Z","timestamp":1774683343152,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017542","name":"Beijing Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20181201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20181201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019XK320080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019XK320080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Few data on recurrent bacterial meningitis (RBM) in children are available. Here, we estimated the frequency of RBM in children and investigated the predisposing conditions, etiology, and clinical characteristics of RBM in children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cases of RBM in the Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital medical record database between January 2006 and December 2019 were collected.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 1905 children with bacterial meningitis (BM) were documented in the Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital medical record database. A total of 43 patients had RBM. The rate of RBM in children was 2.3% (43\/1905). Forty (93.0%) patients had predisposing conditions, including 15 (34.9%) cases of inner ear malformations, 5 (11.6%) cases of dermal sinus tracts, 9 (20.9%) cases of head injury, 5 (11.6%) cases of congenital cranial meningocele, 3 (7.0%) cases of congenital skull base defects, 3 (7.0%) cases of immunodeficiency, and other 3 (7.0%) cases of unknown reason. Among all the 121 BM episodes, a total of 64 episodes were etiologically confirmed BM and the other 57 episodes were probable BM. Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 52) was accounted for 81.3% of confirmed BM episodes. Thirty-four of the 37 patients with congenital or acquired anatomical defects were available to follow up after surgeries, and all of them had no BM after surgeries. Three patients with antibody deficiencies got intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and they did not suffer BM anymore.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>RBM is rare in children. The majority of children with RBM had predisposing conditions including congenital\/acquired anatomical defects and immunodeficiency. Interventions should be implemented to solve the underlying conditions to avoid RBM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piaa176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T12:19:30Z","timestamp":1609503570000},"page":"635-640","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Characteristics of Pediatric Recurrent Bacterial Meningitis in Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, 2006\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tian-ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"He-ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-li","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling-yun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shao-ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021052817052701100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70048-7","article-title":"Global and regional risk of disabling sequelae from bacterial meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Edmond","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021052817052701100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0621","article-title":"Pneumococcal meningitis in children: epidemiology, serotypes, and outcomes from 1997-2010 in Utah","volume":"132","author":"Stockmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021052817052701100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.009","article-title":"Neurological sequelae of bacterial meningitis","volume":"73","author":"Marjolein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2021052817052701100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199301073280104","article-title":"Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. 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