{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T02:03:35Z","timestamp":1768529015499,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"Medical Research Council of South Africa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1HD058971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1HD058971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RFA-EMU-02-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RFA-EMU-02-2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TMA-2015SF-1043, TMA-1051-TESAII"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TMA-2015SF-1043, TMA-1051-TESAII"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1174455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1174455"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data are limited on the resolution of symptoms and signs in children treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and whether this resolution differs from children with other lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective study of children \u2264 15 years presenting with features suggestive of PTB was performed. Clinical, microbiological, and radiological investigations were done at enrollment. Symptoms and clinical features were measured 1, 3, and 6 months after enrollment. Participants were categorized into 3 groups based on National Institutes of Health consensus definitions: confirmed PTB, unconfirmed PTB, and unlikely PTB (children with other LRTIs). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to investigate predictors of persistence of symptoms or signs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 2019 participants, there were 427 (21%) confirmed, 810 (40%) unconfirmed, and 782 (39%) with unlikely PTB. Of 1693\/2008 (84%) with cough and 1157\/1997 (58%) with loss of appetite at baseline, persistence at 3 months was reported in 24\/1222 (2%) and 23\/886 (3%), respectively. Of 934\/1884 (50%) with tachypnoea and 947\/1999 (47%) with abnormal auscultatory findings at baseline, persistence at 3 months occurred in 410\/723 (57%) and 216\/778 (28%), respectively. HIV infection and abnormal baseline chest radiography were associated with persistence of symptoms or signs at month 3 (adjusted odds ration [aOR] 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.1, 2.3] and aOR 2.3; 95% CI: [1.5, 3.3], respectively]. The resolution of symptoms and signs was similar across categories.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Symptoms resolved rapidly in most children with PTB, but signs resolved more slowly. The pattern and resolution of symptoms or signs did not distinguish children with PTB from those with other LRTIs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piac029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T11:07:36Z","timestamp":1648465656000},"page":"329-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Treatment Response in Pediatric Pulmonary Tuberculosis\u2014A Prospective Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Copelyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital , Cape Town , South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Eley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital , Cape Town , South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Microbiology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Workman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keertan","family":"Dheda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC\/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark P","family":"Nicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Infection and Immunity, University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather J","family":"Zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022072117191054100_CIT0001","author":"South African National Department of Health.","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022072117191054100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S179","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ581","article-title":"Clinical case definitions for classification of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children: an update","volume":"61","author":"Graham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022072117191054100_CIT0003","author":"World Health Organization 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