{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:00:06Z","timestamp":1791388806372,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>While interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are widely used for detecting tuberculosis (TB) infection, tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) remain preferred for children under the age of 2 years. The preference for TST stems from concern over IGRA sensitivity in young children. However, TSTs are susceptible to false-positive results following Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination, which is common in infancy, and exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria. We reviewed available data for IGRA performance in children under age 2 years. Across four cohorts of high-risk children under age 2 (mostly case contacts or those born in tuberculosis endemic regions), 0 of 575 untreated children with negative IGRA test results progressed to tuberculosis disease\u2014including 0 of 70 who were TST positive but IGRA negative. While neither TSTs nor IGRAs are perfectly sensitive for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, IGRAs are an acceptable alternative to TST in children &amp;lt;2 years of age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piad053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T20:48:42Z","timestamp":1689886122000},"page":"481-485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Use of Interferon-Gamma Release Assays in Children &amp;lt;2 Years Old"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nicholas A","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amina","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, Levine Children\u2019s Hospital , Charlotte, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie A","family":"Haley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R","family":"Starke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason E","family":"Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023083113111021200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw778","article-title":"Official American Thoracic Society\/Infectious Diseases Society of America\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Practice Guidelines: diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults and children","volume":"64","author":"Lewinsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023083113111021200_CIT0002","volume-title":"Red Book 2018: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases: American Academy of Pediatrics","author":"Committee on Infectious Diseases AAoP","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023083113111021200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207687","article-title":"The impact of BCG vaccination on tuberculin skin test responses in children is age dependent: evidence to be considered when screening children for tuberculosis infection","volume":"71","author":"Seddon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2023083113111021200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14701","article-title":"Tuberculosis infection in under-2-year-old refugees: should we be screening? 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