{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T19:39:56Z","timestamp":1740166796727,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The potential for cefepime prophylaxis to reduce bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) has been incompletely characterized.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective quasi-experimental study of patients under 21 years of age admitted with AML from 2010 through 2018 at two affiliated pediatric tertiary-care hospitals before and after the adoption of routine cefepime prophylaxis for afebrile AML patients during profound neutropenia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The rate of BSIs per 1000 neutropenia days was significantly lower in the prophylaxis group than the baseline group (2.6 vs 15.5, incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.17, 95% CI 0.09\u20130.32). Interrupted time-series analysis showed that a sharp reduction in BSIs coincided with the implementation of prophylaxis. Bacteremia with viridans group streptococci was frequent in the baseline group but not observed after adopting prophylaxis. Despite the increased use of cefepime, the rate of cefepime-nonsusceptible BSIs per 1000 neutropenia days decreased (1.6 vs 4.1, IRR 0.40, 95% CI 0.16\u20130.99). The median number of febrile neutropenia episodes per patient also decreased in the prophylaxis group, as did the proportion of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (22\/51 (43.1%) vs 26\/38 (68.4%); risk difference \u221225.3%, 95% CI \u221244.4 to \u22122.8). A trend was observed toward an increased proportion of patients with Clostridioides difficile infection in the prophylaxis group (10\/51 (19.6%) vs 3\/38 (7.9%); risk difference 11.7%, 95% CI \u22123.4 to 29.0).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cefepime prophylaxis was associated with a significant reduction in BSIs, febrile neutropenia, and ICU admission among pediatric AML patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piad056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T16:25:49Z","timestamp":1692030349000},"page":"471-476","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Retrospective Observational Assessment of the Impact of Cefepime Prophylaxis in Neutropenic Pediatric Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1520-5482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed A","family":"Almatrafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimee M","family":"Dassner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Children\u2019s Health System of Texas , Dallas, Texas , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Children\u2019s National Hospital , Washington, District of Columbia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamra","family":"Slone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23416","article-title":"Prevention of bacterial infection in pediatric oncology: what do we know, what can we learn","volume":"59","author":"Alexander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e31822817a6","article-title":"Life-threatening and fatal infections in children with acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"34","author":"Sung","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-015-2525-5","article-title":"bloodstream infection in paediatric cancer centers\u2014leukaemia and relapsed malignancies are independent risk factors","volume":"174","author":"Ammann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0004","first-page":"CD004386","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile neutropenic patients following chemotherapy","volume":"1","author":"Gafter-Gvili","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00374","article-title":"Antimicrobial prophylaxis for adult patients with cancer-related immunosuppression: ASCO and IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline Update","volume":"36","author":"Taplitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23563","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotics reduce morbidity due to septicemia during intensive treatment for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"113","author":"Kurt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28688","article-title":"Feasibility, efficacy, and adverse effects of outpatient antibacterial prophylaxis in children with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"120","author":"Inaba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25463","article-title":"Preventive antibiotics in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"62","author":"Nolt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix644","article-title":"Levofloxacin prophylaxis during induction therapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"65","author":"Wolf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.12512","article-title":"Effect of levofloxacin prophylaxis on bacteremia in children with acute leukemia or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"320","author":"Alexander","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1082","article-title":"Guideline for antibacterial prophylaxis administration in pediatric cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"71","author":"Lehrnbecher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-0037-3","article-title":"Emergence of quinolone resistance among viridans group streptococci isolated from the oropharynx of neutropenic peripheral blood stem cell transplant patients receiving quinolone antimicrobial propylaxis","volume":"24","author":"Prabhu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1086\/600122","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin dosage and emergence of resistance in human commensal bacteria","volume":"200","author":"Fantin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1086\/340352","article-title":"Bacteremia due to viridans group streptococci with diminished susceptibility to levofloxacin among neutropenic patients receiving levofloxacin prophylaxis","volume":"34","author":"Razonable","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"author":"National Healthcare Safety Network","key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0016"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.94","article-title":"Development and application of an antibiotic spectrum index for benchmarking antibiotic selection patterns across hospitals","volume":"38","author":"Gerber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21250","article-title":"Infections with viridans group streptococci in children with cancer","volume":"49","author":"Reilly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24448","article-title":"High frequency of streptococcal bacteraemia during childhood AML therapy irrespective of dose of cytarabine","volume":"60","author":"Johannsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"2023083113111283100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy825","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis selects for meropenem-nonsusceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients","volume":"68","author":"Hakki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpids\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jpids\/piad056\/51203652\/piad056.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpids\/article-pdf\/12\/8\/471\/51316198\/piad056.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpids\/article-pdf\/12\/8\/471\/51316198\/piad056.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T09:37:38Z","timestamp":1693474658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpids\/article\/12\/8\/471\/7244680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpids\/piad056","relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7207"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2048-7207"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]}}}