{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T22:33:45Z","timestamp":1786660425560,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole (TMP\u2013SMX) is active against most Staphylococcus aureus isolates but is not widely used for the treatment of pediatric osteoarticular infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a comparative effectiveness study of hospitalized patients \u226418 years treated with TMP\u2013SMX vs. other antibiotic regimens for acute osteoarticular infections between 2016 and 2021 at 3 hospitals using inverse probability of treatment weighted propensity score analysis. The primary outcome was treatment failure, a composite of unanticipated emergency department (ED) or outpatient visits, hospital readmissions, extension, or change of antibiotic therapy due to inadequate clinical response, or death, all within 6 months after completing antibiotics. The secondary outcome was antibiotic-associated adverse events (AEs) within 6 months. The exposed group for the treatment failure analysis included children who received \u22657 days of TMP\u2013SMX and did not experience treatment failure while on another antibiotic. Children receiving at least 1 dose of TMP\u2013SMX were the exposed group for the AE analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One-hundred and sixteen patients met eligibility criteria; 26 (22.4%) patients were classified into the TMP\u2013SMX cohort and 90 (77.6%) into the other antibiotics cohort (most commonly clindamycin, vancomycin, and cefazolin). There was no significant difference in treatment failure between TMP\u2013SMX and other antibiotics (43% vs. 19%; 95% CI .9\u201310.4). More patients in the TMP\u2013SMX cohort experienced an unplanned ED or outpatient visit (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.3\u201317.8). There was no difference in hospital readmission, antibiotic change, or duration extension. Exposure to TMP\u2013SMX was associated with more AEs (41% vs. 19%, P\u2005=\u2005.012).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Treatment with TMP\u2013SMX was not associated with greater clinical failure but was associated with more AEs compared to alternative agents for the treatment of pediatric acute osteoarticular infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piad076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T22:54:22Z","timestamp":1695855262000},"page":"534-539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Trimethoprim\u2013Sulfamethoxazole for Pediatric Osteoarticular Infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5357-2817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren 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