{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:33:50Z","timestamp":1787729630485,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinical and Translation Science Institute Biomedical Research","award":["UL1TR002529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002529"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes for Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T35HL110854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T35HL110854"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translation Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Sciences Award"},{"name":"Indiana University Dance Marathon Infectious Disease Research Endowment"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016606","name":"Riley Children's Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K08AI125682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K08AI125682"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23MH116808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23MH116808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Subclinical inflammation and cognitive deficits have been separately associated with asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in schoolchildren. However, whether parasite-induced inflammation is associated with worse cognition has not been addressed. We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study to better assess the effect of asymptomatic P. falciparum parasitemia and inflammation on cognition in Kenyan schoolchildren.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We enrolled 240 children aged 7\u201314 years residing in high malaria transmission in Western Kenya. Children performed five fluid cognition tests from a culturally adapted NIH toolbox and provided blood samples for blood smears and laboratory testing. Parasite densities and plasma concentrations of 14 cytokines were determined by quantitative PCR and multiplex immunoassay, respectively. Linear regression models were used to determine the effects of parasitemia and plasma cytokine concentrations on each of the cognitive scores as well as a composite cognitive score while controlling for age, gender, maternal education, and an interaction between age and P. falciparum infection status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Plasma concentrations of TNF, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 negatively correlated with the composite score and at least one of the individual cognitive tests. Parasite density in parasitemic children negatively correlated with the composite score and measures of cognitive flexibility and attention. In the adjusted model, parasite density and TNF, but not P. falciparum infection status, independently predicted lower cognitive composite scores. By mediation analysis, TNF significantly mediated ~29% of the negative effect of parasitemia on cognition.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among schoolchildren with PCR-confirmed asymptomatic P. falciparum infections, the negative effect of parasitemia on cognition could be mediated, in part, by subclinical inflammation. Additional studies are needed to validate our findings in settings of lower malaria transmission and address potential confounders that could affect both inflammation and cognitive performance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piae025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T16:17:38Z","timestamp":1711037858000},"page":"288-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Subclinical Inflammation in Asymptomatic Schoolchildren With <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i> Parasitemia Correlates With Impaired Cognition"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alexander E","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, IN 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