{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:22:48Z","timestamp":1791566568369,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Enteroviruses (EVs) and parechoviruses (PeVs) are common pathogens of childhood. Enteroviral infections cause a range of clinical syndromes from mild illness to neurologic manifestations of meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid myelitis. Disease manifestations are driven by a combination of viral replication and host immune response. Despite ubiquitousness and clinical importance, there are no approved targeted therapies for these viruses and most are without an available vaccine. Studies of EV neuropathogenesis began with poliovirus and are ongoing for other nonpolio EVs and PeVs. Many unanswered questions remain with regard to cellular tropism, mechanisms of dissemination, receptor usage, immunologic control, and cellular death. This review describes what is known about epidemiology, clinical presentations, and neuropathogenesis of these important pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piae069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T17:01:41Z","timestamp":1736355701000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Enterovirus and Parechovirus Neurologic Infections in Children: Clinical Presentations and Neuropathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3389-6731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan Culler","family":"Freeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA ,\u00a0","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity (i4Kids) , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA ,\u00a0","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5830-3491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Messacar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sections of Hospital Medicine and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado , Aurora, CO ,\u00a0","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado , Aurora, CO ,\u00a0","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025012314291619700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-019-04520-6","article-title":"Recommendations for the nomenclature of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses","volume":"165","author":"Simmonds","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch 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