{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T07:54:29Z","timestamp":1774079669678,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001125","name":"Gavi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Vaccine Alliance","award":["PP46990915A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PP46990915A1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Respiratory viruses commonly cause pneumonia in children. We aimed to identify respiratory viral nucleic acids in the nasopharynx of children admitted with pneumonia from 2014 to 2018, a period including a major earthquake (April 2015), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) introduction (August 2015), and a fuel shortage (October 2015 to March 2016).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children 2 months to 14 years admitted to Patan Hospital between March 2014 and February 2018 with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia had nasopharyngeal swabs collected and tested with a multiplex panel for the presence of genetic material from 23 respiratory pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 1343 children with pneumonia, 974 (72.5%) had the nucleic acids of at least one respiratory virus in the nasopharynx. The median age of children with any viral genetic material detected was lower than those without (1.18, IQR: 0.59-2.39 years; vs 2.01 years, IQR: 0.81-4.34 years; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001). Commonly detected viral nucleic acids included those of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (21.0%), rhino\/enterovirus (30.8%), and parainfluenza (7.4%). The odds of detecting any respiratory viral genetic material in children with pneumonia increased by 1.88 (95% confidence interval: 1.15, 3.06) in the year after the earthquake, when there were several aftershocks and a fuel crisis, relative to other periods and accounting for other potential confounding factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings highlight the importance of viral diagnostics in pediatric pneumonia and suggest that public health measures addressing environmental conditions during disasters might help reduce respiratory infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piaf052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T05:12:21Z","timestamp":1749618741000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Respiratory Viral Detection in Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia During Periods of Major Population Disruptions in Nepal, 2014-2018"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9484-0227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shrijana","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital , Satdobato Road , 44700 Lalitpur,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev M","family":"Bijukchhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital , Satdobato Road , 44700 Lalitpur,","place":["Nepal"]},{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre , Oxford,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Wahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of 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Westmead,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meeru","family":"Gurung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital , Satdobato Road , 44700 Lalitpur,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J","family":"O\u2019Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre , Oxford,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Voice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micropathology Ltd, University of Warwick , Coventry,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhishma","family":"Pokhrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital , Satdobato Road , 44700 Lalitpur,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Puja","family":"Amatya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital , Satdobato Road , 44700 Lalitpur,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saugat","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital , Satdobato Road , 44700 Lalitpur,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonu","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre , Oxford,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, 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