{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:24:47Z","timestamp":1770834287339,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DA023356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DA023356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","award":["K23HL163486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HL163486"]}]},{"name":"NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","award":["T32AI007384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI007384"]}]},{"name":"NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","award":["R01AI147490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI147490"]}]},{"name":"NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","award":["P30AI036214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI036214"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in pregnancy has increased, leading to increased perinatally exposed infants. Although universal HCV screening in pregnancy is recommended, pediatric cases remain undiagnosed. We examine the cost-effectiveness of universal HCV screening among children at age 2 and 10, when other routine blood testing is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An HCV natural history Markov model evaluated the cost-effectiveness of universal HCV screening independently at ages 2 and 10 compared to the currently recommended risk-based screening of children born to those with HCV. Based on previous literature, we assumed a 0.05% pediatric HCV chronic prevalence (0.73% chronic prevalence among pregnant persons and 7.2% vertical transmission). In the status-quo scenario, we assumed 23% of children with prenatal HCV exposure were screened. We assessed costs (United States Dollar), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER, $ per QALY gained) compared to a willingness-to-pay threshold (WTP) of $50\u2009000\/QALY. We explored parameter uncertainty, including pediatric HCV chronic prevalence and screening rates, in multiple sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Universal HCV screening at age 2 was cost-effective (ICER\u2009=\u2009$8774\/QALY gained) compared to the status-quo risk-based screening. The lowest pediatric HCV chronic prevalence in which universal screening remained cost-effective under a WTP of $50\u2009000\/QALY was 0.007%. At age 10, universal screening was cost-effective compared to risk-based screening (ICER\u2009=\u2009$4404\/gained) and was cost-effective at the lowest HCV prevalence in children of 0.006%. Models at both age 2 and 10 were robust to sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Universal HCV screening in childhood is cost-effective. Guidelines should consider recommending universal screening nationally, particularly if it can be conducted along with other routine pediatric blood draws.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piag005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T12:48:18Z","timestamp":1768481298000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cost-Effectiveness of One-Time Universal Childhood Hepatitis C Screening in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8590-1304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Frankeberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California , San Diego, CA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California , San Diego, CA ,","place":["United 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