{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T16:03:46Z","timestamp":1780157026965,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunization recommendations for children living with HIV (CLWH) differ from the general pediatric population due to increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. Adherence to these specific recommendations remains understudied in the United States. We assessed HIV-specific versus universal immunization coverage across multiple pediatric HIV clinics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of CLWH (0-18\u00a0years) receiving HIV care as of May 1, 2021, at 6 US pediatric HIV clinics. We evaluated coverage for universal and HIV-specific vaccines, including those that may require additional doses for CLWH. Associations between vaccine coverage and demographic factors, as well as HIV-related factors, were assessed using inferential statistics and prevalence ratios (PR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 238 CLWH, coverage for HIV-specific vaccines was lower than universal vaccines. PPSV23 had the lowest coverage (25.7%), followed by MenACWY (46.2%), compared to universal vaccine coverages of 74.0%-91.8%, except rotavirus. For PPSV23, 7-12\u00a0years age group was almost one-fifth as likely to be up-to-date compared to 0-6\u00a0years (PR 0.19, 95% CI, 0.09-0.43) while those receiving primary care at an HIV clinic were more likely to be up-to-date (PR 4.11, 95% CI, 2.58-6.55). For MenACWY, those receiving primary care at an HIV clinic (PR 1.97, 95% CI, 1.53-2.53) or having Medicaid (PR 1.58, 95% CI, 1.19-2.11) were more likely to be up-to-date.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant gaps exist in adherence to HIV-specific immunization recommendations. Targeted interventions, including integrated HIV and primary care services and enhanced clinical decision support systems, may improve coverage for CLWH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piag026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T11:51:25Z","timestamp":1775130685000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HIV-Specific vs Universal Immunization Coverage in US Children with HIV: A Multi-Site Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1453-6549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samie","family":"Sabet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine , Tulsa, OK ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hollman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office for Research Development and Scholarly Activity, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine , Tulsa, OK ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Hendrix-Dicken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine , Tulsa, OK ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Raschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Children\u2019s Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nhi","family":"La","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Cook Children\u2019s Medical Center , Fort Worth, TX ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misty M","family":"Oldham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital , Memphis, TN ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deidra","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Children\u2019s of Alabama , Birmingham, AL ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital , Memphis, TN ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexanna","family":"Atkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Children\u2019s Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary B","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Tulsa, OK ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine , Tulsa, OK ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026053011363619400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6543a3","article-title":"Recommendations for use of meningococcal conjugate vaccines in HIV-infected persons - 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Racial\/ethnic disparities among children with diagnoses of perinatal HIV infection - 34 states, 2004-2007","volume":"59","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026053011363619400_ref19","article-title":"Fast facts: HIV in the US by age","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2024","journal-title":"CDC."},{"key":"2026053011363619400_ref20","first-page":"Q1","article-title":"Recommended immunization schedules for persons aged 0\u201318 years\u2014United States, 2007","volume":"55","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2006","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026053011363619400_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7234a3","article-title":"Vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13\u201317 years \u2014 national immunization survey \u2013 teen, United States, 2022","volume":"72","author":"Pingali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Morb Mortal 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