{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T04:44:51Z","timestamp":1770266691635,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1RC1NS068943-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1RC1NS068943-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Center for Clinical and Translational Research"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science Awards","award":["ULI RR025014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ULI RR025014"]}]},{"name":"Rudy Schulte"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Karl Storz"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001130","name":"The Gerber Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1692\u20133638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1692\u20133638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CER-1403\u201313857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CER-1403\u201313857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hydrocephalus Association"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Previous studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infection treatment have been limited in size and unable to compare patient and treatment characteristics by infecting organism. Our objective was to describe variation in patient and treatment characteristics for children with first CSF shunt infection, stratified by infecting organism subgroups outlined in the 2017 Infectious Disease Society of America\u2019s (IDSA) guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We studied a prospective cohort of children &lt;18 years of age undergoing treatment for first CSF shunt infection at one of 7 Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network hospitals from April 2008 to December 2012. Differences between infecting organism subgroups were described using univariate analyses and Fisher\u2019s exact tests.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 145 children whose infections were diagnosed by CSF culture and addressed by IDSA guidelines, including 47 with Staphylococcus aureus, 52 with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 37 with Gram-negative bacilli, and 9 with Propionibacterium acnes. No differences in many patient and treatment characteristics were seen between infecting organism subgroups, including age at initial shunt, gender, race, insurance, indication for shunt, gastrostomy, tracheostomy, ultrasound, and\/or endoscope use at all surgeries before infection, or numbers of revisions before infection. A larger proportion of infections were caused by Gram-negative bacilli when antibiotic-impregnated catheters were used at initial shunt placement (12 of 23, 52%) and\/or subsequent revisions (11 of 23, 48%) compared with all other infections (9 of 68 [13%] and 13 of 68 [19%], respectively). No differences in reinfection were observed between infecting organism subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The organism profile encountered at infection differs when antibiotic-impregnated catheters are used, with a higher proportion of Gram-negative bacilli. This warrants further investigation given increasing adoption of antibiotic-impregnated catheters.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piy035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,7]],"date-time":"2018-04-07T07:08:48Z","timestamp":1523084928000},"page":"235-243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Patient and Treatment Characteristics by Infecting Organism in Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tamara D","family":"Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington\/Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Washington"},{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew P","family":"Kronman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington\/Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Washington"},{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn B","family":"Whitlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel R","family":"Browd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington\/Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Holubkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R W","family":"Kestle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhaya V","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcie","family":"Langley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"David D","family":"Limbrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas G","family":"Luerssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerry","family":"Oakes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Alabama, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama \u2013 Birmingham"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Riva-Cambrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Curtis","family":"Rozzelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Alabama, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama \u2013 Birmingham"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chevis N","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Alabama, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama \u2013 Birmingham"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mandeep","family":"Tamber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"John C","family":"Wellons III","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Alabama, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama \u2013 Birmingham"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William E","family":"Whitehead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Mayer-Hamblett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington\/Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Washington"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington\/Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019101003055554500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(03)00016-1","article-title":"Pediatric hydrocephalus: current management","volume":"21","author":"Kestle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurol 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