{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T05:00:51Z","timestamp":1764133251385,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AI097284-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AI097284-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR000439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to characterize longitudinal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae during the first year of life within a community newborn infant cohort, and assess the relationship between antibiotic exposure and colonization with antibiotic-resistant organisms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During April 2013\u2013February 2014, 326 infants were enrolled from an urban academic hospital well-baby nursery. At ages 4, 8, and 12 months, we collected antibiotic data, other exposure data, and nasopharyngeal cultures for pneumococcal isolation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Follow-up visits were completed for 211, 158, and 144 infants at ages 4, 8, and 12 months, respectively. By 12 months, 33% of infants attending the visits had ever been exposed to antibiotics, 67% if exposures to maternal antibiotics at birth are included. Pneumococci were isolated at 38\/839 (4.5%) visits from 38 infants, including one 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) serotype (6A). There were 1 (0.3%), 15 (7%), 7 (4%), and 15 (10%) infants who were colonized at 0-, 4-, 8-, and 12-month visits, respectively. By age 12 months, at least 35 (11%) infants had ever been colonized. Sixteen isolates (42%) exhibited nonsusceptibility to at least 1 antibiotic. Infants with recent antibiotic exposure were not more likely to be colonized or to harbor nonsusceptible organisms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Within a hospital birth cohort followed in the community, pneumococcal colonization and related antibiotic resistance were lower than previously reported, likely associated with PCV13 use. Antibiotic exposure was not associated with subsequent colonization with resistant isolates. The influence of other environmental factors needs further study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piz068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T19:31:14Z","timestamp":1568316674000},"page":"442-448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Longitudinal Colonization With Streptococcus pneumoniae During the First Year of Life in a Healthy Newborn Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2025-1766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon B","family":"Meropol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Center for Child Health and Policy, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kurt C","family":"Stange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Sociology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saralee","family":"Bajaksouzian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A","family":"Bonomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00938-7","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease","volume":"4","author":"Bogaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0002","first-page":"1308","article-title":"US outpatient antibiotic prescribing variation according to geography, patient population, and provider specialty in 2011","volume":"60","author":"Hicks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1337","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing in ambulatory pediatrics in the United States","volume":"128","author":"Hersh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3260","article-title":"Principles of judicious antibiotic prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections in pediatrics","volume":"132","author":"Hersh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0805.010235","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy children: implications for the use of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine","volume":"8","author":"Marchisio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199906000-00008","article-title":"Risk factors for carriage of respiratory pathogens in the nasopharynx of healthy children. Ascanius Project Collaborative Group","volume":"18","author":"Principi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"volume-title":"Pneumococcal Disease: Surveillance and Reporting","year":"2017","key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0007"},{"volume-title":"Pneumococcal Disease: Drug Resistance","year":"2017","key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0008"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofw221","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw221","article-title":"Bacterial colonization and antibiotic resistance in a prospective cohort of newborn infants during the first year of life","volume":"3","author":"Meropol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1086\/521833","article-title":"Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal colonization among immunized and unimmunized children in a community-randomized trial","volume":"196","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement","key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0011"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw067","article-title":"Prevention of antibiotic-nonsusceptible invasive pneumococcal disease with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine","volume":"62","author":"Tomczyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"volume-title":"Manual for the Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: Chapter 11: Pneumococcal","year":"2014","key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0013"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e408","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2338","article-title":"Post-PCV7 changes in colonizing pneumococcal serotypes in 16 Massachusetts communities, 2001 and 2004","volume":"116","author":"Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000849","article-title":"Decline in pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine serotypes after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children in Atlanta, Georgia","volume":"34","author":"Desai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.08.010","article-title":"Prevalence of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization in children and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of carriage isolates","volume":"39","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c2096","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2096","article-title":"Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individual patients: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"340","author":"Costelloe","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.2.179","article-title":"Recurrent urinary tract infections in children: risk factors and association with prophylactic antimicrobials","volume":"298","author":"Conway","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"volume-title":"University Hospitals MacDonald Women\u2019s Hospital: About","year":"2016","key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0019"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343ra82","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad7121","article-title":"Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life","volume":"8","author":"Bokulich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0021","article-title":"Specific class of intrapartum antibiotics relates to maturation of the infant gut microbiota: a prospective cohort study","author":"Coker","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2903","article-title":"Recent trends in outpatient antibiotic use in children","volume":"133","author":"Vaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21719","article-title":"Associations of prenatal and childhood antibiotic use with child body mass index at age 3 years","volume":"25","author":"Poulsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31824214ac","article-title":"Pneumococcal carriage and antibiotic resistance in young children before 13-valent conjugate vaccine","volume":"31","author":"Wroe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.4.862","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era: predictors of carriage in a multicommunity sample","volume":"112","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0026","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births in the United States, 2016","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"NCHS, Data Brief,"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0027","article-title":"Immunization","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2014.11.006","article-title":"Increase in the nasopharyngeal carriage of non-vaccine serogroup 15 Streptococcus pneumoniae after introduction of children pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Hong Kong","volume":"81","author":"Ho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0029","first-page":"889","volume-title":"National, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage among children aged 19\u201335 months\u2014United States, 2014, in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)","author":"Hill","year":"2015"},{"volume-title":"ChildVaxView","year":"2019","key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0030"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318244020e","article-title":"Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus from mothers to newborns","volume":"31","author":"Leshem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.10.013","article-title":"Self-reported medication use validated through record linkage to national prescribing data","volume":"94","author":"Hafferty","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2020091707142218500_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M1713","article-title":"Parents as partners in obtaining the medication history","volume":"12","author":"Porter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpids\/article-pdf\/9\/4\/442\/33761881\/piz068.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpids\/article-pdf\/9\/4\/442\/33761881\/piz068.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T11:16:28Z","timestamp":1600341388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpids\/article\/9\/4\/442\/5610580"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpids\/piz068","relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7207"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2048-7207"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]}}}