{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T17:56:13Z","timestamp":1764784573475,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006578","name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMNCKU10716","CMU108-S-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMNCKU10716","CMU108-S-41"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006578","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007300","name":"China Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007300","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to estimate the ability of antimalarial medications to induce local infiltration analgesia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using a rat model of skin infiltration anaesthesia, the effects of antimalarial medications (primaquine, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and amodiaquine) were compared with the application of lidocaine.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At a dose of 3 \u03bcmol, primaquine and chloroquine displayed better potency (all P &amp;lt; 0.05) and greater duration (all P &amp;lt; 0.01) of cutaneous analgesia than lidocaine, whereas the other antimalarial medications showed a similar potency and duration of cutaneous analgesia when compared with lidocaine. When a dose of 3 \u03bcmol antimalarial medication was used, primaquine was the most potent and had the longest duration of action among four antimalarial medications. The relative potency ranking (ED50, 50% effective dose) has been found to be primaquine [2.10 (1.87 \u2013 2.37) \u03bcmol] &amp;gt; lidocaine [6.27 (5.32 \u20137.39) \u03bcmol] (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Infiltration analgesia of skin with primaquine had a greater duration of action than did lidocaine on the equipotent (ED25, ED50, ED75) basis (P &amp;lt; 0.01).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Primaquine and chloroquine have greater potency and longer lasting skin analgesia when compared with lidocaine, while the other antimalarials display a similar potency in comparison with lidocaine.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgaa021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T04:13:53Z","timestamp":1609474433000},"page":"206-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antimalarial primaquine for skin infiltration analgesia in rats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Ying-Jen","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center , Tainan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University , Tainan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Sheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science , Tainan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jhi-Joung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center , Tainan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Allied AI Biomed Center, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Tainan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7560-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center , Tainan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Care, China Medical University , Taichung,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6316-4342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Hsia","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103012051247900_CIT0001","article-title":"Antimalarial 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