{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T18:29:31Z","timestamp":1788892171050,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Economic Area"},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry of Malaysia","award":["NH1014D043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NH1014D043"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004595","name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304\/PFARMASI\/6316274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304\/PFARMASI\/6316274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The quassinoids eurycomanone (EN) and 13\u03b1,21-dihydroeurycomanone (DHY) of Eurycoma longifolia Jack are reported to enhance spermatogenesis. This study aims to profile the pharmacokinetics of DHY, a minor and hitherto unstudied constituent, evaluate its spermatogenesis enhancement property and compare these attributes with that of the predominant EN.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Crude Eurycoma longifolia extract was chromatographed into a DHY-enriched extract (DHY-F) and an EN-enriched extract (EN-F). Male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were administered intravenously and orally with both extracts and their plasma levels of both quassinoids were determined. The extracts were then tested for their spermatogenesis augmentation ability in normal rats and an andrographolide-induced oligospermia model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chromatographic enrichment resulted in a 28-fold increase of DHY in DHY-F and a 5-fold increase of EN in EN-F compared with non-chromatographed crude extracts. DHY showed better oral bioavailability (1.04 \u00b1 0.58%) than EN (0.31 \u00b1 0.19%). At 5 mg\/kg, EN exhibited higher efficacy in spermatogenesis enhancement in normal rats and restoration of oligospermia to normal sperm profile versus DHY.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite the better pharmacokinetic profile of DHY, EN remains the main chemical contributor to plant bioactivity. DHY-F and EN-F represent improvements in developing Eurycoma longifolia as a potential phytomedicine for male infertility particularly oligospermia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgaa026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T04:13:53Z","timestamp":1609474433000},"page":"161-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparing the pharmacokinetics of 13\u03b1,21-dihydroeurycomanone and eurycomanone exclusively enriched in <i>Eurycoma longifolia<\/i> extracts and their spermatogenesis enhancement in andrographolide-induced oligospermia in rats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Wan-Jie","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , 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