{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T20:56:06Z","timestamp":1770843366967,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG-1435-041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-1435-041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To study the effect of Zingiber officinale and Hibiscus sabdariffa on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hypertension was induced in rats (SBP 173.2 \u00b1 1.7 mmHg, mean, 1\u201324 h). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) of group-I (amlodipine treated), group-II (Z. officinale, and Z. officinale + amlodipine) and group-III (H. sabdariffa, and H. sabdariffa + amlodipine) animals were measured by \u201ctail-cuff system\u201d. Pharmacokinetics of amlodipine with and without herbs (Z. officinale or H. sabdariffa) was also investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Z. officinale as well as H. sabdariffa decreased the SBP, DBP and MBP. Concurrent treatment with Z. officinale + amlodipine (SBP 129.4 \u00b1 4.5) or H. sabdariffa + amlodipine (SBP 130.4 \u00b1 3.9) showed higher decrease in BP (mean, 1\u201324h), than individually administered amlodipine (SBP 149.5 \u00b1 2.4) or Z. officinale (SBP 150.2 \u00b1 3.1) or H. sabdariffa (SBP 139.1 \u00b1 1.2). These herbs also influenced the Cmax, AUC0-t, and Tmax of amlodipine. H. sabdariffa increased AUC0-t of amlodipine from 81.8 \u00b1 14.7 to 125.0 \u00b1 10.6 (ng h\/mL).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Simultaneous administration of Z. officinale or H. sabdariffa with amlodipine, improves its pharmacodynamic response.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgaa062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T04:13:53Z","timestamp":1609474433000},"page":"1151-1160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effect of <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa<\/i> and <i>Zingiber officinale<\/i> on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Mohd Aftab","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousef A","family":"Bin Jardan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bader","family":"Alzenaidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Raish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah M","family":"Al-Mohizea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Ahad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahad Ibrahim","family":"Al-Jenoobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0001","first-page":"pii","article-title":"New approach to blood pressure control: triple combination pill","author":"Volpe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002089","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of triple versus dual combination blood pressure-lowering drug therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"37","author":"Salam","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0003","first-page":"354","article-title":"Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure changes in older patients with essential hypertension receiving monotherapy or dual combination antihypertensive drug therapy","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-019-01002-8","article-title":"Treatment of hypertensive and hypercholesterolaemic patients with the triple fixed combination of atorvastatin, perindopril and amlodipine: the results of the CORAL study","volume":"36","author":"Simon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.4103\/jrpp.JRPP_18_85","article-title":"Prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs: an experience from a secondary care hospital in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"8","author":"Alkaabi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Res Pharm Pract"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0006","first-page":"344","article-title":"Clinical study on treatment of mild-middle degree congestive heart failure with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine","volume":"20","author":"He","year":"2000","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-010-0114-z","article-title":"Effects of combined therapy of Xuezhikang capsule and valsartan on hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy and heart rate turbulence","volume":"16","author":"Gong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-010-0216-y","article-title":"Effect of traditional and integrative regimens on quality of life and early renal impairment in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e31827afddf","article-title":"Cardioankle vascular index evaluations revealed that cotreatment of ARB antihypertension medication with traditional Chinese medicine improved arterial functionality","volume":"61","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161112666141014152214","article-title":"Diverse combination therapies of Chinese medicine in treating hypertension","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.113.055400","article-title":"Amlodipine metabolism in human liver microsomes and roles of CYP3A4\/5 in the dihydropyridine dehydrogenation","volume":"42","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.10.015","article-title":"In vivo pharmacokinetic interaction by ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre with CYP2C9 (Tolbutamide), CYP3A4 (Amlodipine) and CYP1A2 (Phenacetin) in rats","volume":"278","author":"Vaghela","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2019.1604768","article-title":"Effects of Danshen tablets on pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in rats","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2018.1519732","article-title":"Effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in rats","volume":"49","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2018.1430835","article-title":"Effects of triptolide on pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in rats by using LC-MS\/MS","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-015-0312-3","article-title":"Effect of Ginkgo leaf tablets on the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in rats","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200221666200514121501","article-title":"Effect of Nigella sativa and Fenugreek on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine, in hypertensive rats","volume":"21","author":"Alam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3109\/08037051.2015.1111020","article-title":"Effect of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron and ginger consumption on blood pressure and a marker of endothelial function in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"25","author":"Azimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Press"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20061849","article-title":"Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats","volume":"96","author":"Al-Amin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60104-X","article-title":"Antibacterial effect of allium sativum cloves and Zingiber officinale rhizomes against multiple-drug resistant clinical pathogens","volume":"2","author":"Karuppiah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.03.029","article-title":"Zingiber officinale: its antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and mode of action evaluated by flow cytometry","volume":"107","author":"Chakotiya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0420","article-title":"6-Shogaol from dried ginger inhibits growth of prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of STAT3 and NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"7","author":"Saha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res (Phila)"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.12.019","article-title":"The hidden mechanism beyond ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) potent in vivo and in vitro antiinflammatory activity","volume":"214","author":"Ezzat","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.07.055","article-title":"Antioxidant activities of ginger extract and its constituents toward lipids","volume":"239","author":"Si","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2013-0165","article-title":"Gastroprotective activity of essential oils from turmeric and ginger","volume":"26","author":"Liju","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2016.05.009","article-title":"Evaluation of daily ginger consumption for the prevention of chronic diseases in adults: a cross-sectional study","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6362","article-title":"Does ginger supplementation lower blood pressure? a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"33","author":"Hasani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0028","first-page":"001190","article-title":"Adding herbal products to direct-acting oral anticoagulants can be fatal","volume":"6","author":"Maadarani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Case Rep Intern Med"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.41462","article-title":"Herb-drug Interaction: a case study of effect of ginger on the pharmacokinetic of metronidazole in rabbit","volume":"70","author":"Okonta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2020.1729446","article-title":"Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on the antihypertensive activity and pharmacokinetic of losartan in hypertensive rats","volume":"50","author":"Ahad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.163278","article-title":"Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa on blood pressure and electrolyte profile of mild to moderate hypertensive Nigerians: a comparative study with hydrochlorothiazide","volume":"18","author":"Nwachukwu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300774","article-title":"Hibiscus Sabdariffa extract lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function","volume":"58","author":"Joven","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.165194","article-title":"Effects of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of Nigerians with mild to moderate essential hypertension: a comparative study with lisinopril","volume":"47","author":"Nwachukwu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2013.01.003","article-title":"Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. in the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia: a comprehensive review of animal and human studies","volume":"85","author":"Hopkins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.0117","article-title":"Herb-drug interaction between the extract of hibiscus sabdariffa l. and hydrochlorothiazide in experimental animals","volume":"14","author":"Ndu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2018-0206","article-title":"Invitro modulation of cytochrome P450 isozymes and pharmacokinetics of caffeine by extracts of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn calyx","volume":"30","author":"Showande","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012064085400_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12629","article-title":"In-vivo pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of hibiscus sabdariffa calyces extracts with simvastatin","volume":"42","author":"Showande","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/73\/9\/1151\/60217091\/rgaa062.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/73\/9\/1151\/60217091\/rgaa062.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T16:50:31Z","timestamp":1730307031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article\/73\/9\/1151\/6349013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpp\/rgaa062","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3573","2042-7158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3573","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]}}}