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The chemotherapy reaches clinical cure but does not eliminate parasites, contributing to drug resistance. To improve AME efficacy we incorporated it in anionic liposomes. The antiparasitic activity and intracellular localization were investigated in canine macrophages infected with Leishmania infantum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liposomes (L-AME) is composed of egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidyl serine and \u03b1-tocopherol (4 : 3 : 0.4 : 0.07 mol%) plus AME. L-AME size, polydispersity, zeta potential and morphology were analysed as well as antileishmanial activity and intracellular localization in DH82 macrophages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liposomes (360 nm) zeta potential range from \u221240 to \u221265 mV, had 23% encapsulation efficiency and were stable for 180 days at 4\u00b0C. Free AME was cytotoxic towards L. infantum infected macrophages (ID50 = 0.012 M) while L-AME did not reduce cell viability. L-AME colocalized with parasites inside macrophages in a time-dependent manner, and reduced the percentage of infected cells and the number of intracellular parasites, decreasing the infection index (75\u201380%) twice as compared with AME treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liposomal AME is a promising delivery system for treating visceral leishmaniasis, improving meglumine efficacy against L. infantum and minimizing its cytotoxicity towards canine macrophages<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgab081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T05:25:34Z","timestamp":1620451534000},"page":"896-904","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Improved efficacy of meglumine antimoniate incorporated in anionic liposomes against\n                    <i>Leishmania infantum<\/i>\n                    infecting canine macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Ortega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP , Campinas, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0899-9061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan","family":"Radaic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0812-1491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Bispo","family":"de 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