{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:46:54Z","timestamp":1790221614643,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010014","name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WSW-047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WSW-047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Six-One Scientific Research Project","award":["LGY2019087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGY2019087"]}]},{"name":"Major Project of Wuxi Municipal Health Bureau, China","award":["Z202009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z202009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prevalent ocular disease. Dry AMD accounts for most cases of blindness associated with AMD but there are no treatments. Oxidative stress-induced damage to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of dry AMD. This study investigated the protective actions of Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBE) in human RPE cells subjected to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-mediated oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The human ARPE-19 cells were pre-treated with or without GBE before the exposure to t-BHP. Cell viability, cell death profile and lipid peroxidation were assessed. The findings were verified using human primary RPE cultures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>GBE pre-treatment prevented the increase in lipid peroxidation and necrosis\/ferroptosis, and the concurrent viability decrease in RPE cells exposed to t-BHP. It enabled the pronounced activation of Nrf2 and its downstream genes. We found that ERK1\/2 phosphorylation was increased to a similar extent by t-BHP and GBE.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study revealed that GBE pre-treatment attenuates pro-oxidant stress and protects human RPE cells from oxidative injury by modulating ERK1\/2-Nrf2 axis. These findings suggest that GBE has the potential to be developed as a agent that may be valuable in decreasing AMD progression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgac069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T13:40:24Z","timestamp":1664804424000},"page":"105-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["<i>Ginkgo biloba<\/i> extracts (GBE) protect human RPE cells from <i>t-BHP<\/i>-induced oxidative stress and necrosis by activating the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health NSW, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 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