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Legumain (LGMN), also known as asparagine endonuclease, is a new type of cysteine proteases that can specifically hydrolyze substrate molecules containing asparagine residues. It has anti-apoptotic effects in mammals and plays an antigen-presenting role in inflammatory response. Several studies have found that LGMN can activate multiple signal pathways to promote cell apoptosis and migration, inflammatory response, and the development of atherosclerosis. Importantly, LGMN exerts pro-atherogenic effects by participating in a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis, including vascular remodeling, inflammatory response, plaque stability, and the degradation of extracellular matrix. In the present review, we describe the LGMN distribution, structure, generation, and functional partners. Furthermore, we summarize the relationship between LGMN and atherosclerosis. Based on the relationship between LGMN and atherosclerosis, LGMN may be a potential biomarker for atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgad073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T13:00:33Z","timestamp":1692190833000},"page":"1395-1404","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Legumain: a potential biomarker for atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Bo-yi","family":"Ke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China , Hengyang 421001 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China , Hengyang 421001 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-sheng","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People\u2019s Hospital , Liuzhou 545006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China , Hengyang 421001 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China , Hengyang 421001 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3573-6638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-zhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China , Hengyang 421001 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China , Hengyang 421001 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103012273591900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06318.x","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction, hemodynamic forces, and atherogenesis","volume":"902","author":"Gimbrone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2024103012273591900_CIT0002","first-page":"1602","article-title":"World Heart Day 2002: the international burden of cardiovascular disease: responding to the emerging global epidemic","volume-title":"Circulation","author":"Bonow","year":"2002"},{"key":"2024103012273591900_CIT0003","first-page":"1241","article-title":"The global burden of disease, 1990\u20132020","volume-title":"Nat Med","author":"Lopez","year":"1998"},{"key":"2024103012273591900_CIT0004","first-page":"605","article-title":"[Atherosclerosis, chronic inflammation, and thrombosis: in search of the missing link in laboratory medicine]","volume":"63","author":"Fujii","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rinsho Byori"},{"key":"2024103012273591900_CIT0005","first-page":"54","article-title":"Foam cell formation: a new target for fighting atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease","volume-title":"Vascul Pharmacol","author":"Maguire","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024103012273591900_CIT0006","first-page":"209","article-title":"Atherosclerosis: the interplay between lipids and immune cells","volume-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol","author":"Schaftenaar","year":"2016"},{"key":"2024103012273591900_CIT0007","first-page":"485","article-title":"Atherosclerosis","volume-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol","author":"Lu","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024103012273591900_CIT0008","first-page":"799","article-title":"Managing the residual cardiovascular disease risk associated with HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in statin-treated patients: a clinical update","volume-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis","author":"Reiner","year":"2013"},{"key":"2024103012273591900_CIT0009","first-page":"727","article-title":"Evolutionary lines of cysteine peptidases","volume-title":"Biol Chem","author":"Barrett","year":"2001"},{"key":"2024103012273591900_CIT0010","first-page":"361","article-title":"Identification of the active site of legumain links it to caspases, clostripain and gingipains in a new clan of cysteine endopeptidases","volume-title":"FEBS Lett","author":"Chen","year":"1998"},{"key":"2024103012273591900_CIT0011","first-page":"769","article-title":"Proteinase from germinating bean cotyledons. 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