{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:03:56Z","timestamp":1790859836768,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82274501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Xin\u2019an Medical Ministry of Education Key Laboratory","award":["2022XAYX04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022XAYX04"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province","award":["2022AH050531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH050531"]}]},{"name":"Xin\u2019an Medical Ministry of Education Key Laboratory","award":["2022XAYX09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022XAYX09"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009558","name":"University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJ2021A0561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ2021A0561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009558","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Provincial Education Teaching Reform Research Project of Anhui Higher Education Quality","award":["2022jyxm883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022jyxm883"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To validate the enhanced therapeutic effect of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TWHF) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by restoring homeostasis of M1\/M2 macrophages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study, using random walk models and network pharmacology, examined the molecular targets and mechanism of TWHF in RA. Based on clinical observations and experiments in arthritis animal models, the effects of TWHF on macrophage polarization, related signal pathways, and targets were examined. Triptolide, a component of TWHF, was used to intervene arthritis rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Network pharmacological analysis revealed the key RA target genes related to TWHF. TWHF showed a strong correlation with the improvement of inflammatory indicators. TWHF inhibited the factors secreted by M1 macrophages such as IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, CXCL8, TNF-\u03b1, and VEGF-A, but promoted IL-10 from M2 macrophages. Quantitative liquid-phase chip assay showed that triptolide reduced the levels of TNF-\u03b1, CXCL2, and VEGF, while IL-4 and IL-10 were increased in arthritis model. Meanwhile, triptolide inhibited the NF-\u03baB, PI3K\/AKT, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, which in turn improved the RA joint inflammation and fixed immune imbalance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Triptolide downregulate the expression of M1 macrophage-secreted factors that inhibit the overactivation of inflammatory signaling pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgad078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T16:02:01Z","timestamp":1691769721000},"page":"1442-1457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A novel pharmaceutical preparation of\n                    <i>Tripterygium wilfordii<\/i>\n                    Hook. f. regulates macrophage polarization to alleviate inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3093-0311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230038 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xin\u2019an Medical Education Ministry, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230036 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230038 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xin\u2019an Medical Education Ministry, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230036 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanbing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230038 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Xin\u2019an Medical Education Ministry, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230036 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230012 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230038 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangze","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230038 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