{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T07:38:56Z","timestamp":1775547536808,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research","award":["DGSSR-2023-01-02127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGSSR-2023-01-02127"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Farnesol (FAR), a sesquiterpene alcohol, has documented FAR\u2019s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Current study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and mechanism of FAR in arthritis by employing network pharmacology and experimental models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two experimental models comprising formaldehyde- and complete Freund\u2019s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis evaluated the efficacy of FAR in treating arthritis. Various parameters were assessed. Then, a network pharmacology approach was applied to gain further insight into the potential mechanism and signaling pathways.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>FAR significantly reduced paw volume and the arthritic score and improved the hematological and biochemical changes. Radiographic and histological examination showed the anti-arthritic efficacy of FAR, which was associated with down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators and upregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that FAR may exert its anti-arthritic effects by targeting specific genes associated with arthritis. Pathway analysis revealed the involvement of three key signaling pathways (IL-17 signaling, TNF signaling, and toll-like receptor signaling) in the development and progression of arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results pointed out the protective attributes of farnesol against formaldehyde and CFA-induced arthritis via modulation of multiple targets. This study provides a valuable reference for the development of a new treatment or complementary therapy for arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgae126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:39:36Z","timestamp":1728347976000},"page":"127-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Deciphering farnesol\u2019s anti-arthritic and immunomodulatory potential by targeting multiple pathways: a combination of network pharmacology guided exploration and experimental verification"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Shaimaa R","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University , Sakaka 72341 ,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ambreen Malik","family":"Uttra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of 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