{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:46:54Z","timestamp":1789480014080,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Griffonia simplicifolia seeds extracts, generally prepared by maceration, are most commonly used in food supplements intended for mental well-being promotion due to the high content of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP), direct serotonin precursor. As 5-HTP is involved in many different biochemical pathways, other applications of G. simplicifolia seed extracts were investigated. Considering the well-known serotonin immunomodulatory activity, the object of this study was to optimize 5-HTP yield by a new extraction procedure, exploit its immunomodulatory activity in a preclinical model of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) for its responsiveness to immunomodulation, and formulate the extract in a suitable vaginal formulation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>High-power ultrasonic technique (HPU) was used for the first time to obtain an extract from Griffonia seeds (GSE-HPU). The amount of 5-HTP was measured by UHPLC\u2013MS\/MS. The extract was assessed in C57BL\/6 mice model intravaginally infected with C. albicans.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results showed that the new extraction procedure greatly increased 5-HTP yield (82.8% w\/w of the extract weight); formulated in \u201ctablets for vaginal solution\u201d properly characterized, the GSE-HPU showed a remarkable protective activity in VVC as reduces inflammation, tissue pathology, and fungal growth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The protective efficacy of GSE-HPU in VVC suggests its potential use in vaginal infections and associated inflammatory pathology.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgaf024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T01:34:37Z","timestamp":1748223277000},"page":"933-943","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Griffonia simplicifolia<\/i> seeds extract rich in 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan reduces infection and inflammation in a mouse model of vulvovaginal candidiasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3007-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Puccetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 - 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06123 Perugia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Tensi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 - 06123 Perugia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilena","family":"Pariano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia , Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Pecorari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linneus Consulting Services , Via Giorgio Scalia 10B, 00136 Roma ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 - 06123 Perugia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana","family":"Perioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 - 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