{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T22:06:06Z","timestamp":1788386766177,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/R043345\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/R043345\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant cause of patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study describes a strategy to develop antibacterial hydrogel-based coating for endotracheal tubes, composed of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid, capable of simultaneously delivering a combination of antibacterial agents to mitigate VAP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Copolymer hydrogels were loaded with gentamicin, levofloxacin, and benzalkonium chloride (BAK), and their drug release profiles, antibacterial activity, and duration were determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than 95% and 99.99% reduction of bacterial adherence was observed for all the antibiotic-containing hydrogels after 4 and 24\u00a0h, respectively. Hydrogels loaded with BAK provided protection against Staphylococcus aureus for more than 30\u00a0days and hydrogels loaded with levofloxacin exhibited more than 10\u00a0days of persistence against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dual loading of levofloxacin and BAK showed additive effects against bacteria and provided delayed release of both agents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of combined antibiotic-loaded hydrogel coatings provides a promising approach to combating the development of VAP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgaf078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T11:54:26Z","timestamp":1755172466000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of antibacterial coatings for endotracheal tubes with enhanced antibacterial release properties through combined antibiotic loading"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7402-7092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew 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