{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:31:26Z","timestamp":1784565086336,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical effectiveness of edoxaban is hindered by poor solubility and limited permeability due to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim was to hasten dissolution and intestinal permeability of edoxaban by loading into microemulsion system consisting of menthol as oil and inhibitor of P-gp.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pseudo-ternary phase diagram was constructed at 37\u00b0C and microemulsion comprising menthol, tween 80, ethanol and water at ratio of 20:30:30:20 was selected and evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microemulsion\u2019s droplet size was 163.47\u00a0nm, its polydispersity index was 0.28, and its zeta potential was \u221216.43\u00a0mV. Edoxaban was loaded in water-free system for dissolution testing. This system underwent self microemulsification in dissolution medium to increase dissolution efficiency to 95.39%, compared with 66.64% for unprocessed edoxaban. Stability assessments demonstrated the system\u2019s stability against various stress conditions. In situ intestinal perfusion studies indicated improved permeability, with 2.96-fold increase in the duodenum and 2.06-fold increase in the ileum compared with edoxaban in aqueous solution. This enhanced absorption was attributed to inhibition of P-gp-mediated efflux by menthol and Tween 80, as well as increased membrane fluidity and permeability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These encouraging outcomes highlight the potential of microemulsion in improving both solubility and intestinal permeability of edoxaban enhancing of its oral bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgaf085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T11:48:09Z","timestamp":1756381689000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Menthol-based self microemulsifying drug delivery system for augmented intestinal absorption of edoxaban"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Ola 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,","place":["Egypt"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk , Duba Road, Tabuk 71491 ,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba I","family":"Elagamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology , International Coastal Road, Gamasa 11152 ,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012010270849400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.53","article-title":"Bioavailability and safety of the factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban and the effects of quinidine in healthy subjects","volume":"2","author":"Matsushima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Drug 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