{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:32:38Z","timestamp":1789540358916,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":226,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review examines the signalling pathways involved in head and neck cancer cell survival and apoptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articles were sourced from Scopus using the following keywords: oral cavity cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, signalling pathways, target therapy. No publication date limits were set, and the language of publication was restricted to English.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Head and neck cancers are the sixth most common cancer worldwide (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [HNSCC]). The most common subtype is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC and OPSCC, respectively) being significant subcategories. Multiple signalling pathways play a critical role in oncogenesis and the development of various head and neck malignancies. Theoretically, targeting inhibitors for these pathways could potentially halt tumour growth and restore affected cells. This review highlights key oncogenic cascades, including epidermal growth factor receptor\/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/AKT\/mTOR, mitogen-activated protein kinase\/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin, NOTCH, the p53 gene, and vascular endothelial growth factor, which contribute to tumour progression, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. A comprehensive understanding of these molecular mechanisms is essential to inform targeted therapies and develop personalized treatment strategies for HNSCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Researchers have studied several signalling pathways in HNSCC due to their known ability to influence apoptosis, survival, angiogenesis, and other biological processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgaf093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T12:11:23Z","timestamp":1757679083000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Key signalling pathways in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: mechanisms and therapeutic targets"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Enas","family":"Bani-Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Medical School, Curtin University , Kent St, Bentley 6102 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Curtin Medical Research Institute, Curtin University , Kent St, Bentley 6102 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid 3030 ,","place":["Jordan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Dass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Medical School, Curtin University , Kent St, Bentley 6102 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands 6009 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7087-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crispin R","family":"Dass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Medical School, Curtin University , Kent St, Bentley 6102 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Curtin Medical Research Institute, Curtin University , Kent St, Bentley 6102 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Silpakorn University , Nakhon Pathom 73000 ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012010272661500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2026012010272661500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2017.05.008","article-title":"Epidemiological trends of head and neck cancer in the United States: a SEER population study","volume":"75","author":"Mourad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac 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