{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:46:11Z","timestamp":1783572371869,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":205,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Old Pharmacist Heritage Studio Construction Project","award":["255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["255"]}]},{"name":"National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System","award":["CARS21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS21"]}]},{"name":"School-enterprise cooperation project of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["KJCY2024019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJCY2024019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa, commonly known as sour jujube, has been utilized for millennia in traditional Chinese medicine and functional foods. This review comprehensively summarizes the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and resource utilization of its multiple medicinal\u2013edible parts, aiming to bridge research gaps and promote integrated applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CNKI, using keywords such as \u201cSour jujube\u201d and \u201cZ. jujuba var. spinosa,\u201d covering publications up to December 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phytochemical analysis identified 354 bioactive compounds, including 164 flavonoids and 74 triterpenoids, underlying the plant\u2019s broad-spectrum pharmacological activity. The seeds, a well-documented herbal medicine, are used alone, in polyherbal formulations, or as an adjuvant to acupuncture, with sedative\u2013hypnotic effects extensively studied via neurotransmitter regulation, specifically by upregulating GABA receptor expression and inhibiting 5-HT degradation and signaling pathway modulation. Nonseed tissues, such as fruits, leaves, and roots, exhibit underutilized potential due to their high content of antioxidants and nutrients, yet remain understudied, leading to resource waste.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review highlights the need to prioritize research on nonseed parts to maximize their medicinal and nutritional value. The findings provide a scientific basis for advancing sour jujube\u2019s applications in healthcare and functional food industries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgaf133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T12:24:34Z","timestamp":1767011074000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>Ziziphus jujuba<\/i>\n                    var.\n                    <i>spinosa<\/i>\n                    : a systematic review of phytochemistry, pharmacology, and sustainable resource utilization of its multiple plant parts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0155-7780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan 250355 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tai\u2019an City Central Hospital , Taian 271000 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan 250355 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongchang","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongying Guangyuan Biotechnology Co. LTD , Dongying 257029 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongying Guangyuan Biotechnology Co. LTD , Dongying 257029 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saisai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongying Guangyuan Biotechnology Co. 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