{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T15:18:46Z","timestamp":1777994326664,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of Vitamin D (Vit D) and Catechin (Cat) against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in a rat model, specifically focusing on their ability to attenuate cardiac fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control, DCM, Vit D-treated DCM, Cat-treated DCM, and combination-treated DCM. Type 2 diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. The diabetic rats were then treated with Vit D (500\u00a0IU\/kg) and Cat (400\u00a0mg\/kg) orally until the end of the study. Various parameters, including heart function, glucose levels, cardiac injury biomarkers, and oxidative stress markers, were measured. The expression level of transforming growth factor-\u03b21 and SMAD2\/3\/4 mRNA in rat myocardial tissues was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Histological analyses were performed to assess heart tissue damage and matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results showed that DCM caused significant disturbances in all parameters studied, but treatment improved these conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study concluded that Vit D and Cat could prevent DCM progression by lowering blood sugar and lipids, reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting fibrosis, and suppressing transforming growth factor-\u03b21, SMAD2\/3\/4 expression, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in cardiac tissue.<\/jats:p>\n                  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Menoufia 32511 ,","place":["Egypt"]},{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia National University , Menoufia 32651 ,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmaa Gaber","family":"Abdou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University , Menoufia 32511 ,","place":["Egypt"]},{"name":"Pathology Department, Menoufia National University , Menoufia 32651 ,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman A E","family":"Badr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University , Menoufia 32511 ,","place":["Egypt"]},{"name":"Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Menoufia National University , Menoufia 32651 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