{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T09:54:59Z","timestamp":1775296499394,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Geraniol (GI), an acyclic monoterpene alcohol, exhibits diverse anti-cancer activities. However, its potential effects against gastric cancer remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aimed to explore whether GI promotes apoptosis in gastric cancer cells, and decipher the possible mechanism underlying this effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cell viability and cell cycle distribution of SGC-7901 cells and MKN45 cells were evaluated using MTT assay, MB assay, and flow cytometry. The expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3\u03b2) proteins, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and cell apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells were determined using Western blotting, JC-1 staining, immunofluorescence analysis, and Annexin V\/propidium iodide double staining. In addition, cell apoptosis and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Cleaved-caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and GSK-3\u03b2 proteins in the xenografts were determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick-end labeling, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GI significantly inhibited the viability of gastric cancer cells and arrested the cell cycle at the G0\/G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner. GI also promoted apoptosis and decreased the MMP in gastric cancer cells. Moreover, GI significantly upregulated the Bax\/Bcl-2 ratio and downregulated the expression of pGSK-3\u03b2 and \u03b2-catenin both in vitro and in vivo, while increasing the expression of Cleaved-caspase-3 in SGC-7901 cell xenografts. Furthermore, GI reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of the GSK-3\u03b2 inhibitor\u2014LiCl, confirming its pro-apoptotic role.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GI suppresses gastric cancer progression both in vitro and in vivo, by inducing apoptosis through inhibition of the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgag034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:43:17Z","timestamp":1773924197000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Geraniol induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the Wnt\/\n                    <b>\u03b2<\/b>\n                    -catenin 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