{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:21:35Z","timestamp":1778754095670,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review explores the metabolic pathways involved in the survival and apoptosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) cells, with a focus on how altered metabolism supports tumour growth and resistance to therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relevant literature was retrieved from Scopus using the keywords: \u2018head and neck squamous cell carcinoma\u2019, \u2018glycolysis\u2019, \u2018the Warburg effect\u2019, and \u2018metabolism\u2019. Articles published in English were included without time restrictions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Head and neck cancers (HNCs) exhibit dynamic and adaptable metabolic activity that supports proliferation and survival. Cancer cells often reprogramme their metabolism based on cell type, genetic alterations, and environmental conditions. A prominent feature is their reliance on glucose, demonstrated by elevated glucose uptake and increased glycolysis even under normoxic conditions\u2014a phenomenon known as \u2018the Warburg effect\u2019. However, nutrient limitation may paradoxically promote tumour aggressiveness. Beyond glycolysis, evidence shows that HNC cells can exploit alternative metabolic pathways, such as lipid and amino acid metabolism, particularly when glucose becomes scarce. These metabolic adaptations present potential pharmaceutical targets for therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HNCs rely on flexible metabolic pathways to support growth and resist treatment. Their dependence on glucose and ability to shift to lipid and amino acid metabolism offer promising targets for therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgag036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:50:41Z","timestamp":1774529441000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolic reprogramming in head and neck cancer: therapeutic opportunities and challenges"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Enas","family":"Bani-Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences , Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Curtin Medical Research Institute , Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid 3030 ,","place":["Jordan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Dass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Medical Research School , Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands, WA 6009 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7087-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crispin R","family":"Dass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences , Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Curtin Medical Research Institute , Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University , Nakhon Pathom 73000 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