{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T18:53:13Z","timestamp":1782327193977,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Ad\u0131yaman University","award":["ECZFMAP\/2024\u20130003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECZFMAP\/2024\u20130003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastric ulcer is a pathological condition marked by mucosal lesions resulting from a decrease in protective factors and increased Pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS. Elevated levels of GLP-1, an incretin hormone released from gastrointestinal cells, have been shown to attenuate gastric ulcer area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rats were randomly assigned in equal numbers (n\u2009=\u20096) to the experimental groups and pretreated with liraglutide at doses of 50 and 100\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg for 14\u00a0days. Then gastric ulcers were induced by oral gavage of 99% ethanol. We investigated the protective effects of liraglutide, a GLP-1 agonist, on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results showed that pretreatment with 50 and 100\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg liraglutide decreased ulcer area, Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and NF\u03baB, and oxidant malondialdehyde levels in the ethanol-induced groups, while increasing levels of the protective factor PGE2 and antioxidant factor GSH. Furthermore, male rats tended to have more ulcer areas in their gastric tissues compared to female rats. However, no gender-dependent differences were observed in any parameters, excluding PGE2 levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study demonstrates that liraglutide administration prior to ethanol exposure may attenuate gastric mucosal damage through enhancement of the defensive barrier as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgag065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T11:32:28Z","timestamp":1780399948000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Liraglutide-mediated protection against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in male and female rats: enhancement of mucosal defense, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2047-9229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asl\u0131nur","family":"Do\u011fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ad\u0131yaman University , Ad\u0131yaman 02040 ,","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif Merve Bet\u00fcl","family":"Yan\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, K\u00e2hta Vocational School, Ad\u0131yaman University , Ad\u0131yaman 02400 ,","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibel Ate\u015fo\u011flu","family":"Karaba\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Depatment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmara\u015f S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc Imam University , Kahramanmaras 46000 ,","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebru","family":"Anna\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ad\u0131yaman University , Ad\u0131yaman 02040 ,","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062414310762600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.19094","article-title":"Peptic ulcer disease: A review","volume":"332","author":"Vakil","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"2026062414310762600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32404-7","article-title":"Peptic ulcer 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