{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T15:04:47Z","timestamp":1789571087747,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Large Research Project","award":["RGP2\/82\/47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/82\/47"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain cancer characterized by rapid growth, extensive infiltration, significant molecular diversity, and notable resistance to standard treatments, resulting in a poor prognosis for patients. This emphasizes the necessity for innovative therapeutic strategies based on novel mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GBM tumorigenesis, glioma stem cell maintenance, immunological evasion, and treatment resistance are significantly influenced by the abnormal activation of various oncogenic signaling pathways, such as PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR, JAK\/STAT, NF-\u03baB, MAPK, Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin, and receptor tyrosine kinases like EGFR and Axl. Phytochemicals such as quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, and epigallocatechin gallate influence crucial signaling pathways in GBM by inhibiting specific pathways, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, suppressing glioma stemness, and modifying the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, nano-based delivery systems such as dendrimers, lipid-based nanocarriers, polymeric nanoparticles, and biomimetic exosome-inspired systems enhance stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review i) explores the potential of phytochemicals in targeting these pathways, ii) summarizes current evidence on phytochemicalmediated modulation of dysregulated signaling pathways in GBM, and iii) highlights emerging nanobased delivery strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy. Overall, phytochemical modulation of signaling pathways paired with nano-based drug delivery shows potential for enhancing treatment efficacy in GBM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgag093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T11:57:30Z","timestamp":1786017450000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical-mediated targeting of signaling pathways in glioblastoma: preclinical evidence, translational potential, and emerging nano-based therapeutic approaches"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Md Rezaul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Daffodil International University , Dhaka 1216 ,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdur","family":"Rauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi , Anbar 23561 ,","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan A","family":"Ogaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University , Abha 61421 ,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahaf","family":"Ajaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Abu Dhabi University , Abu Dhabi 59911 ,","place":["United Arab Emirates"]},{"name":"Research Institute for Sustainable Futures, Abu Dhabi University , Abu Dhabi 59911 ,","place":["United Arab Emirates"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5063-1236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Iriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan , Milan 20129 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM) , Firenze 50121 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref1","first-page":"e21822","article-title":"Reclassification of glioblastoma multiforme according to the 2021 World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors: a single institution report and practical significance","volume":"14","author":"Stoyanov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S513","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.jcrt_1241_22","article-title":"Recent updates on the role of phytochemicals in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"19","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Ther"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3002","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170516123206","article-title":"Glioblastoma multiforme, diagnosis and treatment; recent literature review","volume":"24","author":"Batash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcae108","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae108","article-title":"Molecular diversity in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type glioblastoma","volume":"6","author":"Fares","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6445","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-1412","article-title":"Whole-body PET imaging of T-cell response to glioblastoma","volume":"27","author":"Nobashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-00623-9","article-title":"Role of exosomes in malignant glioma: microRNAs and proteins in pathogenesis and diagnosis","volume":"18","author":"Ghaemmaghami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.11047","article-title":"New developments in the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of the IDH1 mutation in glioma","volume":"12","author":"Dimitrov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-020-03598-2","article-title":"Temozolomide treatment outcomes and immunotherapy efficacy in brain tumor","volume":"151","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref9","article-title":"Comparative volumetric analyses following bevacizumab therapy for a patient with concomitant glioblastoma, meningioma, and dural arteriovenous fistula: a case report and review of literature","volume":"16","author":"Teshigawara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad226","article-title":"Poliovirus receptor\u2013based chimeric antigen receptor T cells combined with NK-92 cells exert potent activity against glioblastoma","volume":"116","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref11","first-page":"895","article-title":"Nonrandomised controlled trial in recurrent glioblastoma patients: the promise of autologous tumour lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccination","volume":"129","author":"Pasqualetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-020-03439-2","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and immune checkpoint inhibitors in glioblastoma","volume":"151","author":"Kelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715273368842251113060453","article-title":"Mechanism of glioblastoma treatment targeting growth factors: IGF-I case using gene, immune, phytochemicals, and nanotechnologies","author":"Quintero","year":"2026","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450121666200727115454","article-title":"Management of glioblastoma multiforme by phytochemicals: applications of nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery system","volume":"22","author":"Mumtaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-020-2288-8","article-title":"Current progress of phytomedicine in glioblastoma therapy","volume":"40","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-024-04172-9","article-title":"Advances in nano-delivery of phytochemicals for glioblastoma treatment","volume":"19","author":"Ambele","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov Nano"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2022.105192","article-title":"Targeting angiogenesis in gliomas: potential role of phytochemicals","volume":"96","author":"Sanati","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5689","article-title":"Apigenin inhibits cancer stem cell-like phenotypes in human glioblastoma cells via suppression of c-met signaling","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201020666190716110705","article-title":"Plant phenolics and lectins as vaccine adjuvants","volume":"20","author":"Reyna-Margarita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201021666200121130313","article-title":"Plant phenolics as pathogen-carrier immunogenicity modulator haptens","volume":"21","author":"Irais","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.2.5.473","article-title":"IGFs and IGF-binding proteins as diagnostic markers and biological modulators in brain tumors","volume":"2","author":"Zumkeller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref22","first-page":"1366","volume-title":"Deciphering Gliomagenesis from Genome-Wide Association Studies","author":"Bauchet","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107200","article-title":"Targeting LRP6: a new strategy for cancer therapy","volume":"204","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.02.019","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis reveals tumor microenvironment changes in glioblastoma","volume":"41","author":"Hoogstrate","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-023-00809-y","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics: deciphering brain complexity in health and disease","volume":"19","author":"Piwecka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-015-0378-5","article-title":"Targeting glioblastoma with the use of phytocompounds and nanoparticles","volume":"11","author":"Pistollato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Target Oncol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29071682","article-title":"New avenues and major achievements in phytocompounds research for glioblastoma therapy","volume":"29","author":"Majchrzak-Celi\u0144ska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867326666190809221332","article-title":"Phytochemical-mediated glioma targeted treatment: drug resistance and novel delivery systems","volume":"27","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26300","article-title":"MiR-21: a key player in glioblastoma pathogenesis","volume":"119","author":"Masoudi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2010.00376.x","article-title":"Glioma pathophysiology: insights emerging from proteomics","volume":"20","author":"Deighton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15761\/IMM.1000319","article-title":"Brain stem cells and IGF-I: implications in development, regeneration and cancer therapeutics","volume":"5","author":"Bueno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Integr Mol Med"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9112369","article-title":"Exploring the roles of lncRNAs in GBM pathophysiology and their therapeutic potential","volume":"9","author":"Stackhouse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1303-8","article-title":"Impact of mesenchymal stem cells\u2019 secretome on glioblastoma pathophysiology","volume":"15","author":"Vieira de Castro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11040569","article-title":"The role of platelets in cancer pathophysiology: focus on malignant glioma","volume":"11","author":"Marx","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.11.016","article-title":"Complement activation in glioblastoma multiforme pathophysiology: evidence from serum levels and presence of complement activation products in tumor tissue","volume":"278","author":"Bouwens","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11030292","article-title":"Role of notch signaling pathway in glioblastoma pathogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Bazzoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030888","article-title":"Integrin signaling in glioma pathogenesis: from biology to therapy","volume":"21","author":"Ellert-Miklaszewska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.775","article-title":"MicroRNAs in glioblastoma multiforme pathogenesis and therapeutics","volume":"5","author":"Shea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers7030843","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs: the key players in glioma pathogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Kiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-3843-y","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 promotes glioma pathogenesis by regulating miR-449b-5p\/c-Met axis","volume":"37","author":"Zhen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumor Biol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08823-9","article-title":"ACVR1 R206H cooperates with H3. 1K27M in promoting diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Hoeman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.05.044","article-title":"Effects of quercetin on proliferation and migration of human glioblastoma U251 cells","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1605","article-title":"Quercetin: a promising phytochemical for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"46","author":"Tavana","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031345","article-title":"A preliminary study of the effect of quercetin on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and stress responses in glioblastoma cell lines","volume":"23","author":"Kusaczuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X21500361","article-title":"Quercetin induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells by suppressing Axl\/IL-6\/STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154933","article-title":"Quercetin induces MGMT+ glioblastoma cells apoptosis via dual inhibition of Wnt3a\/\u03b2-Catenin and Akt\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathways","volume":"118","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1159\/000523905","article-title":"Quercetin inhibits glioblastoma growth and prolongs survival rate through inhibiting glycolytic metabolism","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.963614","article-title":"Quercetin suppresses human glioblastoma migration and invasion via GSK3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin\/ZEB1 signaling pathway","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-4125-4","article-title":"Inhibition of autophagy induced by quercetin at a late stage enhances cytotoxic effects on glioma cells","volume":"37","author":"Bi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910740","article-title":"Cytotoxicity, proapoptotic activity and drug-like potential of quercetin and kaempferol in glioblastoma cells: preclinical insights","volume":"25","author":"Kusaczuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6550","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26238","article-title":"Novel nanohydrogel of hyaluronic acid loaded with quercetin alone and in combination with temozolomide as new therapeutic tool, CD44 targeted based, of glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"233","author":"Barbarisi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2018.07.010","article-title":"The effect of quercetin on the electrical properties of model lipid membranes and human glioblastoma cells","volume":"124","author":"Kruszewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-019-02802-8","article-title":"Quercetin and sodium butyrate synergistically increase apoptosis in rat C6 and human T98G glioblastoma cells through inhibition of autophagy","volume":"44","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100271","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202100271","article-title":"Quercetin-loaded platelets as a potential targeted therapy for glioblastoma multiforme cell line U373-MG","volume":"16","author":"Bhandarkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol J"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-016-2149-2","article-title":"Quercetin blocks t-AUCB-induced autophagy by Hsp27 and Atg7 inhibition in glioblastoma cells in vitro","volume":"129","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114098","article-title":"Quercetin and chloroquine synergistically kill glioma cells by inducing organelle stress and disrupting Ca2+ homeostasis","volume":"178","author":"Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190313123704","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of curcumin in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"25","author":"Shahcheraghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10281","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27933","article-title":"Effect of curcumin on glioblastoma cells","volume":"234","author":"Hesari","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030950","article-title":"Anticancer mechanism of curcumin on human glioblastoma","volume":"13","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2020.108412","article-title":"Curcumin suppresses glioblastoma cell proliferation by p-AKT\/mTOR pathway and increases the PTEN expression","volume":"689","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S306602","article-title":"Study on the inhibitory effect of curcumin on GBM and its potential mechanism","volume":"15","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10926","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01611C","article-title":"Anti-glioblastoma effects of nanomicelle-curcumin plus erlotinib","volume":"12","author":"Bagherian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2019.1604978","article-title":"Modulation of biological activities in glioblastoma mediated by curcumin","volume":"71","author":"Trotta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-018-0792-5","article-title":"Phytosomal curcumin causes natural killer cell-dependent repolarization of glioblastoma (GBM) tumor-associated microglia\/macrophages and elimination of GBM and GBM stem cells","volume":"37","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3391","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-01922-5","article-title":"Curcumin loaded in niosomal nanoparticles improved the anti-tumor effects of free curcumin on glioblastoma stem-like cells: an in vitro study","volume":"57","author":"Sahab-Negah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4839","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204839","article-title":"The multi-faceted effect of curcumin in glioblastoma from rescuing cell clearance to autophagy-independent effects","volume":"25","author":"Ryskalin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2019.107","article-title":"Curcumin-induced autophagy augments its antitumor effect against A172 human glioblastoma cells","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomol Ther"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S124276","article-title":"The functional curcumin liposomes induce apoptosis in C6 glioblastoma cells and C6 glioblastoma stem cells in vitro and in animals","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020399","article-title":"Curcumin and solid lipid curcumin particles induce autophagy, but inhibit mitophagy and the PI3K-Akt\/mTOR pathway in cultured glioblastoma cells","volume":"20","author":"Maiti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2838","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30398","article-title":"Curcumin changes the polarity of tumor-associated microglia and eliminates glioblastoma","volume":"139","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2018.04.014","article-title":"Paraptosis in human glioblastoma cell line induced by curcumin","volume":"51","author":"Garrido-Armas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7092","DOI":"10.1039\/D0BM01536A","article-title":"Development of curcumin-loaded zein nanoparticles for transport across the blood\u2013brain barrier and inhibition of glioblastoma cell growth","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2015.12.008","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibition of lipid droplet formation enhances the effectiveness of curcumin in glioblastoma","volume":"100","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.14791\/btrt.2019.7.e28","article-title":"Anti-migration and anti-invasion effects of curcumin via suppression of fascin expression in glioblastoma cells","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Res Treat"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2014.12.044","article-title":"Autophagy inhibition improves the efficacy of curcumin\/temozolomide combination therapy in glioblastomas","volume":"358","author":"Zanotto-Filho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.03.006","article-title":"Transferrin-targeted, resveratrol-loaded liposomes for the treatment of glioblastoma","volume":"277","author":"Jhaveri","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-021-02099-0","article-title":"Therapeutic potentials of resveratrol in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy during glioblastoma treatment: a mechanistic review","volume":"21","author":"Arabzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.1.JNS152077","article-title":"Resveratrol targeting of AKT and p53 in glioblastoma and glioblastoma stem-like cells to suppress growth and infiltration","volume":"126","author":"Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-025-04048-7","article-title":"Resveratrol-mediated suppression of glioblastoma and glioma: targeting apoptosis, differentiation, and stem cell dynamics","volume":"25","author":"Asemi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15133368","article-title":"Could metformin and resveratrol support glioblastoma treatment? A mechanistic view at the cellular level","volume":"15","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200401085634","article-title":"Focus on the use of resveratrol as an adjuvant in glioblastoma therapy","volume":"26","author":"Dionigi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2023.152058","article-title":"Resveratrol as an antitumor agent for glioblastoma multiforme: targeting resistance and promoting apoptotic cell deaths","volume":"125","author":"Karkon-Shayan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4383","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7064383","article-title":"Resveratrol inhibits the invasion of glioblastoma-initiating cells via down-regulation of the PI3K\/Akt\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"7","author":"Jiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0169854","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169854","article-title":"Resveratrol impairs glioma stem cells proliferation and motility by modulating the Wnt signaling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Cilibrasi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110409","article-title":"Resveratrol inhibits glioblastoma cells and chemoresistance progression through blockade P-glycoprotein and targeting AKT\/PTEN signaling pathway","volume":"376","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8341","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S258584","article-title":"Synergistic effects of resveratrol and temozolomide against glioblastoma cells: underlying mechanism and therapeutic implications","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6783","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27409","article-title":"Resveratrol restores sensitivity of glioma cells to temozolamide through inhibiting the activation of Wnt signaling pathway","volume":"234","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.45489","article-title":"Increased reactive oxygen species and distinct oxidative damage in resveratrol-suppressed glioblastoma cells","volume":"12","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321973","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1321973","article-title":"Resveratrol suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in GBM by regulating Smad-dependent signaling","volume":"2019","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2015.4346","article-title":"Resveratrol sensitizes glioblastoma-initiating cells to temozolomide by inducing cell apoptosis and promoting differentiation","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3888","article-title":"Resveratrol suppresses human glioblastoma cell migration and invasion via activation of RhoA\/ROCK signaling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Xiong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2015.11.001","article-title":"Resveratrol, a potential radiation sensitizer for glioma stem cells both in vitro and in vivo","volume":"129","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2015.0197","article-title":"Resveratrol induces glioma cell apoptosis through activation of tristetraprolin","volume":"38","author":"Ryu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cells"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4619865","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4619865","article-title":"Resveratrol enhances apoptotic and oxidant effects of paclitaxel through TRPM2 channel activation in DBTRG glioblastoma cells","volume":"2019","author":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxidative Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2015.2863","article-title":"Resveratrol inhibits glioma cell growth via targeting oncogenic microRNAs and multiple signaling pathways","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-024-05625-5","article-title":"Resveratrol ameliorates glioblastoma inflammatory response by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation through inhibition of the JAK2\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"150","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9672773","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9672773","article-title":"Resveratrol enhances the radiosensitivity by inducing DNA damage and antitumor immunity in a glioblastoma rat model under 3 T MRI monitoring","volume":"2022","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Oncol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-019-01004-z","article-title":"Resveratrol and siRNA in combination reduces Hsp27 expression and induces caspase-3 activity in human glioblastoma cells","volume":"24","author":"U\u00e7ar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4771-1","article-title":"Postoperative resveratrol administration improves prognosis of rat orthotopic glioblastomas","volume":"18","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9453","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119453","article-title":"Resveratrol enhances temozolomide efficacy in glioblastoma cells through downregulated MGMT and negative regulators-related STAT3 inactivation","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-14-0634","article-title":"Berberine induces senescence of human glioblastoma cells by downregulating the EGFR\u2013MEK\u2013ERK signaling pathway","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2018.1548627","article-title":"Berberine inhibits angiogenesis in glioblastoma xenografts by targeting the VEGFR2\/ERK pathway","volume":"56","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15347354221130303","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354221130303","article-title":"Berberine suppressed the progression of human glioma cells by inhibiting the TGF-\u03b21\/SMAD2\/3 signaling pathway","volume":"21","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05500-9","article-title":"Berberine induces apoptosis in glioblastoma multiforme U87MG cells via oxidative stress and independent of AMPK activity","volume":"47","author":"Palma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7951","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S213079","article-title":"Glucose-coated berberine nanodrug for glioma therapy through mitochondrial pathway","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.07.101","article-title":"Berberine inhibits glioma cell migration and invasion by suppressing TGF-\u03b21\/COL11A1 pathway","volume":"625","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"025036","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/adb673","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of berberine-loaded nanoliposome for targeting of MAPK pathway to induce apoptosis and suppression of autophagy in glioblastoma","volume":"20","author":"Xi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed Mater"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00364","article-title":"Antitumor effects of berberine on gliomas via inactivation of caspase-1-mediated IL-1\u03b2 and IL-18 release","volume":"9","author":"Tong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1159\/000503884","article-title":"Berberine induces CYP2J2 expression in human U251 glioma cells via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha","volume":"105","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23254","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NJ03880C","article-title":"High potency EDC-crosslinked bovine serum albumin nanoencapsulation of berberine enhances in vitro anticancer efficacy against glioblastoma by inducing ROS mediated cell apoptosis","volume":"46","author":"Ghosh","year":"2022","journal-title":"New J Chem"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-014-1604-1","article-title":"EGCG inhibits properties of glioma stem-like cells and synergizes with temozolomide through downregulation of P-glycoprotein inhibition","volume":"121","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2018.1495239","article-title":"Achievable central nervous system concentrations of the green tea catechin EGCG induce stress in glioblastoma cells in vitro","volume":"70","author":"Grube","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2018.1446090","article-title":"Effects of the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate on glioma: a critical evaluation of the literature","volume":"70","author":"Le","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2018.1539189","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate preferentially inhibits O6-methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase expression in glioblastoma cells rather than in nontumor glial cells","volume":"70","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1002\/em.22295","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces telomere shortening and clastogenic damage in glioblastoma cells","volume":"60","author":"Udroiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Mol Mutagen"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c06110","article-title":"4 \u2033-alkyl EGCG derivatives induce cytoprotective autophagy response by inhibiting EGFR in glioblastoma cells","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.2174\/1574885516666210510185538","article-title":"Synergism of temozolomide, metformin, and epigallocatechin gallate promotes oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in glioma cells","volume":"16","author":"Kuduvalli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Drug Ther"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2024.117146","article-title":"The synergistic anti-Warburg efficacy of temozolomide, metformin and epigallocatechin gallate in glioblastoma","volume":"493","author":"Kuduvalli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844199","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.844199","article-title":"Inhibitory mechanism of combined hydroxychavicol with epigallocatechin-3-gallate against glioma cancer cell lines: a transcriptomic analysis","volume":"13","author":"Abdul Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref120","first-page":"125","article-title":"Apigenin and temozolomide synergistically inhibit glioma growth through the PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Biother Radiopharm"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14191552","article-title":"Apigenin induces autophagy and apoptosis in chemoresistant glioblastoma cells and inhibits tumorigenicity associated with regulation of immunomodulatory proteins and glial cells response","volume":"14","author":"Coelho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-06087-x","article-title":"The natural flavones, acacetin and apigenin, induce Cdk-Cyclin mediated G2\/M phase arrest and trigger ROS-mediated apoptosis in glioblastoma cells","volume":"48","author":"Shendge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5460","article-title":"Apigenin inhibits glioma cell growth through promoting microRNA-16 and suppression of BCL-2 and nuclear factor-\u03baB\/MMP-9","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0000000000000413","article-title":"The flavonoid apigenin from Croton betulaster Mull inhibits proliferation, induces differentiation and regulates the inflammatory profile of glioma cells","volume":"27","author":"Coelho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anti Cancer Drugs"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2024.108253","article-title":"Comparative in silico study of apigenin and its dimeric forms on PIM1 kinase in glioblastoma multiform","volume":"113","author":"Lotfi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-021-01586-8","article-title":"Apigenin increases radiosensitivity of glioma stem cells by attenuating HIF-1\u03b1-mediated glycolysis","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23022","DOI":"10.1590\/fst.23022","article-title":"Apigenin inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition of glioma cells by regulating miR-103a-3p\/NEED9\/AKT axis","volume":"42","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6491","article-title":"Apigenin from Croton betulaster M\u00fcll restores the immune profile of microglia against glioma cells","volume":"33","author":"Coelho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2022.109038","article-title":"Apigenin sensitizes radiotherapy of mouse subcutaneous glioma through attenuations of cell stemness and DNA damage repair by inhibiting NF-\u03baB\/HIF-1\u03b1-mediated glycolysis","volume":"107","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2021.07.015","article-title":"Genistein and temozolomide-loaded polymeric nanoparticles: a synergistic approach for improved anti-tumor efficacy against glioblastoma","volume":"110","author":"Meteoglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Process Biochem"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101606","article-title":"Self-assembled genistein nanoparticles suppress the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma by targeting MMP9","volume":"31","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.2174\/1874471009666160813232031","article-title":"Combination treatment of glioblastoma by low-dose radiation and genistein","volume":"9","author":"Atefeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Radiopharm"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2012.02.017","article-title":"Quercetin abrogates IL-6\/STAT3 signaling and inhibits glioblastoma cell line growth and migration","volume":"318","author":"Michaud-Levesque","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.12.001","article-title":"Quercetin promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits the expression of MMP-9 and fibronectin via the AKT and ERK signalling pathways in human glioma cells","volume":"80","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-020-01639-z","article-title":"Combination therapy with nanomicellar-curcumin and temozolomide for in vitro therapy of glioblastoma multiforme via Wnt signaling pathways","volume":"70","author":"Bagherian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66944","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11396","article-title":"Berberine induces autophagy in glioblastoma by targeting the AMPK\/mTOR\/ULK1-pathway","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0225660","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225660","article-title":"Combination treatment of berberine and solid lipid curcumin particles increased cell death and inhibited PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway of human cultured glioblastoma cells more effectively than did individual treatments","volume":"14","author":"Maiti","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)01360-0","article-title":"Green tea compounds inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF \u03b2-receptor and transformation of A172 human glioblastoma","volume":"471","author":"Sachinidis","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.10.026","article-title":"Genistein inhibits radiation-induced invasion and migration of glioblastoma cells by blocking the DNA-PKcs\/Akt2\/Rac1 signaling pathway","volume":"155","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3545","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6643","article-title":"Luteolin reduces migration of human glioblastoma cell lines via inhibition of the p-IGF-1R\/PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-013-2632-1","article-title":"Luteolin inhibits migration of human glioblastoma U-87 MG and T98G cells through downregulation of Cdc42 expression and PI3K\/AKT activity","volume":"40","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-020-00930-2","article-title":"Valproic acid sensitizes glioma cells to luteolin through induction of apoptosis and autophagy via Akt signaling","volume":"41","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.04.005","article-title":"Genistein sensitizes glioblastoma cells to carbon ions via inhibiting DNA-PKcs phosphorylation and subsequently repressing NHEJ and delaying HR repair pathways","volume":"129","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2015.10.001","article-title":"Physico-chemical characterization of asolectin\u2013genistein liposomal system: an approach to analyze its in vitro antioxidant potential and effect in glioma cells viability","volume":"193","author":"Azambuja","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lipids"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29319","article-title":"C\/EBP\u03b2 promotes angiogenesis through secretion of IL-6, which is inhibited by genistein, in EGFRvIII-positive glioblastoma","volume":"136","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13077","article-title":"Luteolin decreases epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cell lines","volume":"123","author":"Anson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57090879","article-title":"Role of luteolin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in human glioblastoma cell lines","volume":"57","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-015-1198-x","article-title":"Anti-tumor activities of luteolin and silibinin in glioblastoma cells: overexpression of miR-7-1-3p augmented luteolin and silibinin to inhibit autophagy and induce apoptosis in glioblastoma in vivo","volume":"21","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010130","article-title":"Role of luteolin as potential new therapeutic option for patients with glioblastoma through regulation of sphingolipid rheostat","volume":"25","author":"Navone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-017-3299-4","article-title":"Luteolin induces apoptosis by ROS\/ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in gliomablastoma","volume":"79","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.952169","article-title":"Luteolin enhances erlotinib\u2019s cell proliferation inhibitory and apoptotic effects in glioblastoma cell lines","volume":"13","author":"Powe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.10.010","article-title":"Synergistic anti-tumor actions of luteolin and silibinin prevented cell migration and invasion and induced apoptosis in glioblastoma SNB19 cells and glioblastoma stem cells","volume":"1629","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2018.1539607","article-title":"Luteolin inhibits Musashi1 binding to RNA and disrupts cancer phenotypes in glioblastoma cells","volume":"15","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3477-x","article-title":"Heat processing effect of luteolin on anti-metastasis activity of human glioblastoma cells U87","volume":"25","author":"El Gueder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2014.10.010","article-title":"Biphasic effects of luteolin on interleukin-1\u03b2-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in glioblastoma cells","volume":"1853","author":"Lamy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.08.022","article-title":"Encapsulation of temozolomide in a tumor-targeting nanocomplex enhances anti-cancer efficacy and reduces toxicity in a mouse model of glioblastoma","volume":"369","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-1802-5","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of phase I\/II targeted therapy combined with radiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: quality of report, toxicity, and survival","volume":"123","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-2182","article-title":"Ultrasound-mediated delivery of paclitaxel for glioma: a comparative study of distribution, toxicity, and efficacy of albumin-bound versus cremophor formulations","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00512","article-title":"Impact on glioblastoma U87 cell gene expression of a carborane cluster-bearing amino acid: implications for carborane toxicity in mammalian cells","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"tfaf048","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfaf048","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy to dose-dependent toxicity of Cabazitaxel in C6-induced glioblastoma model of rats","volume":"14","author":"Mohammadzadeh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicol Res (Camb)"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01298-0","article-title":"Translational landscape of glioblastoma immunotherapy for physicians: guiding clinical practice with basic scientific evidence","volume":"15","author":"Kreatsoulas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11061520","article-title":"Updates in glioblastoma immunotherapy: an overview of the current clinical and translational scenario","volume":"11","author":"Bianconi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref163","first-page":"344","article-title":"Expert opinion on translational research for advanced glioblastoma treatment","volume":"20","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5463","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.126324","article-title":"Translational models for glioblastoma: revolutionizing drug development and personalized medicine through clinical insights","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref165","first-page":"300","article-title":"Optimization of glioblastoma mouse orthotopic xenograft models for translational research","volume":"67","author":"Irtenkauf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"2026091610315469800_ref166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471141755.ph1416s52","article-title":"Establishment, maintenance, and in vitro and in vivo applications of primary human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) xenograft models for translational biology studies and drug discovery","volume":"52","author":"Carlson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/78\/9\/rgag093\/71123464\/rgag093.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/78\/9\/rgag093\/71123464\/rgag093.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:32:07Z","timestamp":1789569127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jpp\/rgag093\/8802161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":166,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpp\/rgag093","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-7158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-7158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"article-number":"rgag093"}}