{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:23:33Z","timestamp":1787847813551,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province","award":["24A0251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24A0251"]}]},{"name":"Research Innovation Foundation of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","award":["2025BKS030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025BKS030"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship General Program for College Students","award":["S202510541147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202510541147"]}]},{"name":"Joint Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["2026JJ82597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026JJ82597"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Borneol has anti-inflammatory and sensitizing effects, but its influence on the sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to gemcitabine (GEM) chemotherapy remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the chemosensitizing effect of borneol on GEM in TNBC and clarify its underlying molecular mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The anti-tumor effects of borneol combined with GEM were evaluated in 4\u00a0T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells, and in tumor-bearing mice. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined. DNA damage was assessed by detecting \u03b3-H2AX and ATM\/ATR\/CHK1\/CHK2 phosphorylation. The direct target of borneol, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), was screened and verified through bioinformatics, CETSA, and DARTS-WB, and its role was validated by PTGS2 overexpression experiments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Borneol alone exhibited anti-tumor and pro-apoptotic effects. Combined with GEM, it substantially enhanced anti-tumor efficacy, induced DNA damage, activated the ATM\/ATR-CHK1\/CHK2 pathway, and increased GEM sensitivity in TNBC cells. Mechanistically, PTGS2 was identified as a key target, and borneol directly bound to PTGS2 and downregulated its expression. PTGS2 overexpression could partially reverse the sensitizing effect of borneol on GEM and its DNA damage-inducing effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Borneol enhances the anti-tumor effect of GEM on TNBC by directly binding to PTGS2 and downregulating PTGS2 expression, thereby activating the ATM\/ATR-CHK1\/CHK2 pathway, intensifying DNA damage in TNBC cells, and promoting tumor cell apoptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgag097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T11:38:25Z","timestamp":1786448305000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Borneol exerts an enhanced anti-tumor effect on triple-negative breast cancer by targeting PTGS2 to reinforce gemcitabine-induced DNA damage"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Kui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha 410007 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoxia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha 410208 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha 410208 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha 410007 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenhan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha 410007 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha 410007 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangmeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha 410007 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2483-9420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaqing","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mammary, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha 410007 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082711391488900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03502-3","article-title":"Global patterns and trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality across 185 countries","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026082711391488900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-025-01359-0","article-title":"Classifications of triple-negative breast cancer: insights and current therapeutic approaches","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"2026082711391488900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666126","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1666126","article-title":"Research progress of molecular typing and targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer. 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