{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:49:13Z","timestamp":1791906553730,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006041","name":"Innovate UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10058505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10058505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health and Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/Y530529\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/Y530529\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGEE) as an alternative organic solvent to ethanol for mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) manufacture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LNPs composed of distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, a PEGylated lipid and one of four ionizable lipids (SM-102, ALC-0315, Dlin-MC3-DMA or C12\u2013200) were prepared using ethanol or DEGEE. Physicochemical properties were characterized using dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, single-particle Raman analysis, and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation. Gas chromatography confirmed solvent removal following purification. Membrane-disruptive activity was evaluated under physiological and endosomal-like pH conditions, and in vivo protein expression was used to assess functional mRNA delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across the four LNP formulations tested, DEGEE supported the production of LNPs with physicochemical and biological performance equivalent to ethanol-manufactured LNPs. Both solvents were effectively removed using standard purification workflows, and particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and pH-responsive membrane-disruptive activity were not affected by solvent substitution. In vivo studies further demonstrated comparable protein expression profiles for DEGEE- and ethanol-manufactured LNPs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DEGEE is a viable alternative to ethanol for mRNA-LNP manufacture, expanding the solvent options available for formulation development and scalable LNP production.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgag112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:51:54Z","timestamp":1790855514000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether as an alternative solvent for mRNA-LNP manufacture"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , 161 Cathedral St , , Glasgow, G4 0RE ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"University of Strathclyde , 161 Cathedral St , , Glasgow, G4 0RE ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lindsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , 161 Cathedral St , , Glasgow, G4 0RE ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"University of Strathclyde , 161 Cathedral St , , Glasgow, G4 0RE ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Barham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , 161 Cathedral St , , Glasgow, G4 0RE ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"University of Strathclyde , 161 Cathedral St , , Glasgow, G4 0RE ,","place":["United 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