{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T15:50:00Z","timestamp":1782143400666,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Program of the Network-type Joint Usage\/Research Center for Radiation Disaster Medical Science of Hiroshima University, Nagasaki University, and Fukushima Medical University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The complex disaster of the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima nuclear accident caused concern about their various health impacts. Many types of intervention are desired as a countermeasure, depending on the phase of the disaster cycle. The importance of developing and applying codes of conduct has recently been emphasized for post-disaster investigations. Thyroid examination as a type of cancer screening survey was launched from October 2011 after the Fukushima nuclear accident as part of the Fukushima Health Management Survey. In this article, we reviewed the results of three rounds of thyroid examination from 2011 to 2018, and summarized the points to consider in the health survey conducted after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Large-scale mass screening by ultrasound thyroid examination resulted in many cancer diagnoses, &amp;gt;200 cases from a large reservoir of thyroid cancer that goes mainly unnoticed without screening. To prevent the harms of such over-diagnosis, we should be aware of the disadvantage of mass-screening based on the expected natural history of thyroid cancer. A change in strategy from mass-screening to individual monitoring is urgently needed according to international recommendations that are opposed to thyroid ultrasound cancer screening even after a nuclear disaster. To guarantee autonomy and informed choice on post-disaster disease monitoring for residents in a disaster-zone, it is important to set protocol participation and on a voluntary code of conduct basis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rraa105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T12:10:34Z","timestamp":1604059834000},"page":"i64-i70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Lessons learned from conducting disease monitoring in low-dose exposure conditions as a counter-measure after a nuclear disaster"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Akira","family":"Ohtsuru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Atomic Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan"},{"name":"Ohtsuru Medical Clinic, Nagasaki, 850-0055, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanae","family":"Midorikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan"},{"name":"Miyagi Gakuin Woman\u2019s University, Sendai 981-8557, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070802544997400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60994-1","article-title":"Nuclear disasters and health: Lessons learned, challenges, and proposals","volume":"386","author":"Ohtsuru","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021070802544997400_ref2","first-page":"2013","volume-title":"Report to the General Assembly, Vol. 1. Scientific Annexes A: Levels and Effects of Radiation Exposure Due to the Nuclear Accident After the 2011 Great East-Japan Earthquake and Tsunami","author":"United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. 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