{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T22:13:30Z","timestamp":1762640010410},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,20]],"date-time":"2020-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We used the method proposed by Schneider et\u00a0al. Theor Biol Med Model 2011;8:27, to clarify how the radiation-induced secondary cancer incidence rate changes in patients after proton craniospinal irradiation (CSI) without and with vertebral-body-sparing (VBS). Eight patients aged 3\u201315\u00a0years who underwent proton CSI were enrolled in the study. For each case, two types of plan without and with VBS in the target were compared. The prescribed doses were assumed to be 23.4\u00a0Gy relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and 36\u00a0Gy (RBE). Using the dose\u2013volume histograms of the two plans, the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) was calculated by both methods for each patient based on the dose data calculated using an XiO-M treatment planning system. Eight organs were analyzed as follows: lung, colon, stomach, small intestine, liver, bladder, thyroid and bone. When the prescribed dose used was 23.4\u00a0Gy (RBE), the average LAR differences and the average number needed to treat (NNT) between proton CSI without and with VBS were 4.04 and 24.8, respectively, whereas the average LAR difference and the average NNT were larger at 8.65 and 11.6, respectively, when the prescribed dose of 36\u00a0Gy (RBE) was used. The LAR for radiation-induced secondary cancer was significantly lower in proton CSI with VBS than without VBS in pediatric patients, especially for the colon, lung, stomach and thyroid. The results of this study could serve as reference data when considering how much of vertebral bodies should be included when performing proton CSI according to age in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rraa118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T21:27:50Z","timestamp":1605734870000},"page":"186-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of lifetime attributable risk of radiation-induced secondary cancer in proton craniospinal irradiation with vertebral-body-sparing for young pediatric patients with medulloblastoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Sapporo High functioning Radiation Therapy Center, Nishi-ku Miyanosawa 2-jo 1-chome 16-1, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 063-0052, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics and Technology, Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center, Koriyama, Japan"},{"name":"Preparing Section for New Faculty of Medical Science, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center, Koriyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2021032416075625600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.26.81","article-title":"Childbirth and fertility preservation in childhood and adolescent cancer patients: A second national survey of Japanese pediatric endocrinologists","volume":"26","author":"Miyoshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021032416075625600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810100496","article-title":"Epidemiology of central nervous system tumors in childhood and adolescence based on the new WHO classification","volume":"17","author":"Rickert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. 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