{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T21:07:07Z","timestamp":1768252027090,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research","award":["24390290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24390290"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research","award":["15H02817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15H02817"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research","award":["20H04334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H04334"]}]},{"name":"Challenging Research","award":["25550024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25550024"]}]},{"name":"Challenging Research","award":["17\u00a0K20042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17\u00a0K20042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Non-homologous end joining is one of the main pathways for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and is also implicated in V(D)J recombination in immune system. Therefore, mutations in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) proteins were found to be associated with immunodeficiency in human as well as in model animals. Several human patients with mutations in XRCC4 were reported to exhibit microcephaly and growth defects, but unexpectedly showed normal immune function. Here, to evaluate the functionality of these disease-associated mutations of XRCC4 in terms of radiosensitivity, we generated stable transfectants expressing these mutants in XRCC4-deficient murine M10 cells and measured their radiosensitivity by colony formation assay. V83_S105del, R225X and D254Mfs*68 were expressed at a similar level to wild-type XRCC4, while W43R, R161Q and R275X were expressed at even higher level than wild-type XRCC4. The expression levels of DNA ligase IV in the transfectants with these mutants were comparable to that in the wild-type XRCC4 transfectant. The V83S_S105del transfectant and, to a lesser extent, D254Mfs*68 transfectant, showed substantially increased radiosensitivity compared to the wild-type XRCC4 transfectant. The W43R, R161Q, R225X and R275X transfectants showed a slight but statistically significant increase in radiosensitivity compared to the wild-type XRCC4 transfectant. When expressed as fusion proteins with Green fluorescent protein (GFP), R225X, R275X and D254Mfs*68 localized to the cytoplasm, whereas other mutants localized to the nucleus. These results collectively indicated that the defects of XRCC4 in patients might be mainly due to insufficiency in protein quantity and impaired functionality, underscoring the importance of XRCC4\u2019s DSB repair function in normal development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrab016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T12:07:34Z","timestamp":1615118854000},"page":"380-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Functional analysis of XRCC4 mutations in reported microcephaly and growth defect patients in terms of radiosensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Anie Day D C","family":"Asa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rujira","family":"Wanotayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mukesh Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, SPC Government College, Ajmer-305001, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaima","family":"Tsukada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikio","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070802533175000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10512","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.TM117.000374","article-title":"Nonhomologous DNA end-joining for repair of DNA double-strand breaks","volume":"293","author":"Pannunzio","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Biol 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repair","volume":"347","author":"Ochi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021070802533175000_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6233","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7233","article-title":"Interactome analysis identifies a new paralogue of XRCC4 in non-homologous end joining DNA repair pathway","volume":"6","author":"Xing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2021070802533175000_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2015.22","article-title":"XLF (C9orf142) is a new component of mammalian DNA double-strand break repair","volume":"22","author":"Craxton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"2021070802533175000_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2020.04.010","article-title":"CCDC61\/VFL3 is a Paralog of SAS6 and promotes ciliary 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