{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:03:29Z","timestamp":1776405809821,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008341","name":"Radiation Oncology UCLA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The first magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiotherapy system in Japan was installed in May 2017. Implementation of online MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRgART) began in February 2018. Online MRgART offers greater treatment accuracy owing to the high soft-tissue contrast in MR-images (MRI), compared to that in X-ray imaging. The Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (JSMRM), Japan Society of Medical Physics (JSMP), Japan Radiological Society (JRS), Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JSRT), and Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology (JASTRO) jointly established the comprehensive practical guidelines for online MRgART. These guidelines propose the essential requirements for clinical implementation of online MRgART with respect to equipment, personnel, institutional environment, practice guidance, and quality assurance\/quality control (QA\/QC).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The minimum requirements for related equipment and QA\/QC tools, recommendations for safe operation of MRI system, and the implementation system are described. The accuracy of monitor chamber and detector in dose measurements should be confirmed because of the presence of magnetic field. The ionization chamber should be MR-compatible. Non-MR-compatible devices should be used in an area that is not affected by the static magnetic field (outside the five Gauss line), and their operation should be checked to ensure that they do not affect the MR image quality. Dose verification should be performed using an independent dose verification system that has been confirmed to be reliable through commissioning. This guideline proposes the checklists to ensure the safety of online MRgART. Successful clinical implementation of online MRgART requires close collaboration between physician, radiological technologist, nurse, and medical physicist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrac048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T07:48:36Z","timestamp":1660117716000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Practical guidelines of online MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Safety and Quality Assurance Division , National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Igaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology , National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahito","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Safety and Quality Assurance Division , National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Shibuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology , Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 545-8586 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Sakasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology , National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Jingu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, 980-8574 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Inaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology , National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, 104-0045 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kagayaki","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Information Science , School of Information Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, 259-1292 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology , Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisaku","family":"Tatsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miyakojima IGRT Clinic , Osaka, 534-0021 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology and Medical Engineering , Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Kadoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, 980-8574 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshinobu","family":"Furuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology , Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Kumazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology , International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-1298 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Tohyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Physics , Tokyo Bay Advanced Imaging & Radiation Oncology Makuhari Clinic, Chiba, 261-0024 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Tsuneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology , MR Linac ART Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8677 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shie","family":"Nishioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology , Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, 602-8026 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Itami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shin-Matsudo Accuracy Radiation Therapy Center , Shin-Matsudo Central General Hospital, Chiba, 270-0034 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Onishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology , University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Shigematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology , Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Uno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Oncology , Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8677 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref1","volume-title":"Guidelines for safe operation of clinical MRI [authors\u2019 translation]","author":"The Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref2","volume-title":"Physical and technological guidelines of IMRT [author\u2019s translation]","author":"Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref3","volume-title":"Guidelines of motion management in radiotherapy 2019 [authors\u2019 translation]","author":"Japan Society of Medical Physics, JH-PEBRG, Japanese Society of Radiological Technology, Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref4","volume-title":"Guidelines of clinical implementation of IGRT 2019 [authors\u2019 translation]","author":"Japan Society of Medical Physics, JSoRT, Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref5","volume-title":"Guidelines of SBRT [author\u2019s translation]","author":"Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref6","volume-title":"A IMRT guideline 2008 [author\u2019s translation]","author":"Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology, JRS, Japan High-Precision External Beam Radiotherapy Group"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.06.017","article-title":"Patterns of practice for adaptive and real-time radiation therapy (POP-ART RT) part II: Offline and online plan adaption for interfractional changes","volume":"153","author":"Bertholet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2018.08.010","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided Radiotherapy (MRIgRT): A 4.5-Year Clinical Experience","volume":"30","author":"Henke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref9","first-page":"1015","article-title":"Initial experience of MR guided adaptive radiation therapy","volume":"63","author":"Inaba","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Radiol"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01328","article-title":"The MOMENTUM Study: An International Registry for the Evidence-Based Introduction of MR-Guided Adaptive Therapy","volume":"10","author":"Mol van Otterloo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2020.07.003","article-title":"Time analysis of online adaptive magnetic resonance-guided radiation therapy workflow according to anatomical sites","volume":"11","author":"G\u00fcng\u00f6r","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6504","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12571","article-title":"Performance of a multi leaf collimator system for MR-guided radiation therapy","volume":"44","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12713","article-title":"MRI quality control for low-field MR-IGRT systems: lessons learned","volume":"20","author":"Michael Gach","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref14","volume-title":"Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) Z 4951","author":"Japanese Industrial Standards, MRISBsabp"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref15","volume-title":"A Checklist for Entering Examination Room [author\u2019s translation]","author":"Japan Medical Imaging and Radiological Systems Industries Association"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-017-1212-z","article-title":"Air-electron stream interactions during magnetic resonance IGRT: skin irradiation outside the treatment field during accelerated partial breast irradiation","volume":"194","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref17","first-page":"103","article-title":"Analysis of the electron-stream effect in patients treated with partial breast irradiation using the 1.5 T MR-linear accelerator. Clin Transl","volume":"27","author":"De-Colle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4854","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12421","article-title":"Sensitive volume effects on Monte Carlo calculated ion chamber response in magnetic fields","volume":"44","author":"Malkov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/54\/10\/002","article-title":"Dosimetry for the MRI accelerator: the impact of a magnetic field on the response of a Farmer NE2571 ionization chamber","volume":"54","author":"Meijsing","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4915","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4959785","article-title":"Reference dosimetry in magnetic fields: formalism and ionization chamber correction factors","volume":"43","author":"O'Brien","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"042102","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4794496","article-title":"Dose response of selected ion chambers in applied homogeneous transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields","volume":"40","author":"Reynolds","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5945","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/17\/5945","article-title":"Towards reference dosimetry for the MR-linac: magnetic field correction of the ionization chamber reading","volume":"58","author":"Smit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6708","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa7ae4","article-title":"Radiation dosimetry in magnetic fields with Farmer-type ionization chambers: determination of magnetic field correction factors for different magnetic field strengths and field orientations","volume":"62","author":"Spindeldreier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125008","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aac70e","article-title":"A formalism for reference dosimetry in photon beams in the presence of a magnetic field","volume":"63","author":"Asselen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref25","volume-title":"Guidelines for Implementation of Treatment Machine and Treatment Planning System Using Reference Beam Data 2020 [author\u2019s translation]","author":"Japan Society of Medical Physics"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.02.059","article-title":"Spatial Precision in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Radiation Therapy: The Role of Geometric Distortion","volume":"95","author":"Weygand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.12.011","article-title":"MRI commissioning of 1.5T MR-linac systems - a multi-institutional study","volume":"132","author":"Tijssen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref28","volume-title":"Guidelines of Implementation of Non-rigid Registration in Radiotherapy 2018 [author\u2019s translation]","author":"Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref29","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Safety Management of Medical Information Systems (Ver. 5.1) 2021 [author\u2019s information]","author":"Ministry of Health, LaW"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref30","volume-title":"Guidelines for KAKUTEI of Image Information 2014 [author\u2019s translation]","author":"Japanese Society of Radiological Technology, gfKoiiast"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref31","volume-title":"2015 Magnetic Resonance Imaging","author":"American College of Radiology Committee on Quality Assurance in Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4197","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3190392","article-title":"Task Group 142 Report: Quality Assurance of Medical Accelerators","volume":"36","author":"Klein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2022081007483015600_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4209","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4947547","article-title":"The report of Task Group 100 of the AAPM: Application of Risk Analysis Methods to Radiation Therapy Quality Management","volume":"43","author":"Huq","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Phys"}],"container-title":["Journal of Radiation Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jrr\/rrac048\/45297106\/rrac048.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jrr\/rrac048\/45297106\/rrac048.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T07:48:58Z","timestamp":1660117738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrr\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jrr\/rrac048\/6659092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jrr\/rrac048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0449-3060","1349-9157"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0449-3060","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-9157","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]]},"article-number":"rrac048"}}